关羽很受人们推崇，不是因为他异乎寻常的英勇和超人的刚毅，而是因为他有忠义的优秀品质。从下列事例我们可以看出他是多么地忠诚和富有义气！“屯土山关公约三事”：

“公战至日晚，无路可归，只得到一座土山，引兵屯于山头，权且少歇……捱到天晓，再欲整顿下山冲突，忽见一人跑马上山来，视之乃张辽也……辽曰：‘玄德不知存亡，翼德未知生死。昨夜曹公已破下邳，军民尽无伤害，差人护卫玄德家眷，不许惊扰。如此相待，弟特来报兄。’关公怒曰：‘此言特说我也。吾今虽处绝地，视死如归。汝当速去，吾即下山迎战。’张辽大笑曰：‘兄此言岂不为天下笑乎？’公曰：‘吾仗忠义而死，安得为天下笑？’辽曰：‘兄今即死，其罪有三：当初刘使君与兄结义之时，誓同生死；今使君方败，而兄即战死，倘使君复出，欲求兄相助，而不可复得，岂不负当年之盟誓乎？其罪一也。刘使君以家眷付托于兄，兄今战死，二夫人无所依赖，负却使君依托之重。其罪二也。兄武艺超群，兼通经史，不思共使君匡扶汉室，徒欲赴汤蹈火，以成匹夫之勇，安得为义？其罪三也。兄有此三罪，弟不得不告。’公沉吟曰：‘汝说我有三罪，欲我如何？’辽曰：‘今四面皆曹公之兵，兄若不降，则必死；徒死无益，不若且降曹公；却打听刘使君音信，如知何处，即往投之。一者可以保二夫人，二者不背桃园之约，三者可留有用之身：有此三便，兄宜详之。’公曰：‘兄言三便，吾有三约：一者，吾与皇叔设誓，共扶汉室，吾今只降汉帝，不降曹操；二者，二嫂处请给皇叔俸禄养赡，一应上下人等，皆不许到门；三者，但知刘皇叔去向，不管千里万里，便当辞去：三者缺一，断不肯降。望文远急急回报。’……关公引数十骑来见曹操。操曰：‘素慕云长忠义，今日幸得相见，足慰平生之望。’关公曰：

‘文远代禀三事，蒙丞相应允，谅不食言。’操曰‘吾言既出，安敢失信。’关公曰：‘关某若知皇叔所在，虽蹈水火，必往从之。此时恐不及拜辞，伏乞见原。’操曰：‘玄德若在，必从公去；但恐乱军中亡矣。’……操设宴相待。次日班师还许昌。关公收拾车仗，请二嫂上车，亲自护车而行。于路安歇馆驿，操欲乱其君臣之礼，使关公与二嫂共处一室。关公乃秉烛立于户外，自夜达旦，毫无倦色。操见公如此，愈加敬服。既到许昌，操拨一府与关公居住。关公分一宅为两院，内门拨老军十人把守，关公自居外宅。操引关公朝见献帝，帝命为偏将军。公谢恩归宅。操次日设大宴，会众谋臣武士，以客礼待关公，延之上座；又备绫锦及金银器皿相送。关公都送与二嫂收贮。关公自到许昌，操待之甚厚：小宴三日，大宴五日；又送美女十人，使侍关公。关公尽送入内门，令伏侍二嫂……操闻之，又叹服关公不已。一日，操见关公所穿绿锦战袍已旧，即度其身品，取异锦作战袍一领相赠。关公受之，穿于衣底，上仍用旧袍罩之。操笑曰：‘云长何如此之俭乎？’公曰：‘某非俭也。旧袍乃刘皇叔所赐，某穿之如见兄面，不敢以丞相之新赐而忘兄长之旧赐，故穿于上。’操叹曰：‘真义士也！’然口虽称羡，心实不悦……忽一日，操请关公宴。临散，送公出府，见公马瘦，操曰：‘公马因何而瘦？’关公曰：‘贱躯颇重，马不能载，因此常瘦。’操令左右备一马来。操指曰：‘公识此马否？’公曰：‘莫非吕布所骑赤兔马乎？’操曰：‘然也。’遂并鞍辔送与关公。关公再拜称谢。操不悦曰：‘吾累送美女金帛，公未尝下拜；今吾赠马，乃喜而再拜：何贱人而贵畜耶？’关公曰：‘吾知此马日行千里，今幸得之，若知兄长下落，可一日而见面矣。’操愕然而悔。”（第二十五回）关羽一收到刘备的信，即写书一封，辞谢曹操：‘前者下邳失守，所请三事，已蒙恩诺。今探知故主现在袁绍军中，回思昔日之盟，岂容违背？新恩虽厚，旧义难忘。兹特奉书告辞，伏惟照察。其有余恩未报，愿以俟之异日。写毕，封固，差人去相府投递；一面将累次所受金银，一一封置库中，悬汉寿亭侯印于堂上，请二夫人上车。关公上赤兔马，手提青龙刀，率领旧日跟随人役，护送车仗，径出北门。门吏挡之。关公怒目横刀，大喝一声，门吏皆退避。”（第二十六回）这就是为什么“美髯公千里走单骑汉寿侯五关斩六将”（第二十七回）。这也是为什么“关云长义释曹操”于华容。正因为“拚将一死酬知己，致令千秋仰义名”（第五十回）。由此可见，关羽忠、义、仁、智、勇的美德。这些美德集中反映了我们传统的道德价值观，这也是为什么关公值得我们大家尊敬的原因。

guanyuishighlyeseemednoforhisexraordinarycourageandsuperhumanforiudebuforhisexcellenqualiyofloyalyandrigheousnessfromhefollowingexampleswecanseehowloyalandrigheousheis“hebaleragedinohenighfindingnowayhome，lordguansruggledoahillopwihhisfollowershereheresedadawnhemarshaledhismenforabreakhroughwhenhesawasinglerider—asiffromnowhere—racingowardhimherecognizedzhangliao…‘xuande’ssurvivalisindoub，’zhangliaosaid，‘asiszhangfei’ssnighlordcaoookxiapi，wihouinjuryosoldierorcivilianaspecialdeailguardsxuande’sfamilyforheirsafeyandpeaceofmindicomefirsofalloellyouhis’‘youwillnosucceedininfluencingme，’lordguansaidangrily‘badashingslook，deahmeansnomoreomehanawelcomehomecomingyou’dbeerleaveaonceiwillberidingdownodobale’zhangliaoughedloudly‘broher，’hesaid，‘doyouwanobeheughingsockofheempire？’‘ishalldie，’lordguansaid，‘devoedomyduyidon’hinkheworldwillakeiasajoke’‘dyinghere，’zhangliaosaid，‘youcommihreeoffensesinhebegi

ingwhenyou，broher，andproecorliuboundyourselvesinfraernalallegiance，yousworeosharelifeordeahnowyourbroherhasbeendefeaed，andyouareabouodieincombaifxuandesurvivesandseeksyouraidinvain，won’youhaveberayedyouroah？haisyourfirsoffenseproecorliu’simmediaefamilywaspcedinyourcareifyoudienow，hiswowiveswillhavenooodefendhem，andyouwillhaveberayedhisrushaisyoursecondoffenseandhird，noonlyisyourmarialskillincomparable，youarelearnedinhecssicsandhehisoriesyoujoinedwihheproecoroupholdhehouseofhanifyoupseinyourdeerminaionandachieveafool’svalorinseadbyvainlyrushingoceraindeah，howhaveyoufulfilledyourduy？hisishesaemen，broher，ifelobligedomake’lordguanpondered‘well，’hesaidas，‘youhaveexpinedhehreeoffenseswhawouldyouhavemedo？’“lordcao’sroops，’zhangliaoreplied，‘areonfoursidesifyourefuseosubmi，youwilldieodieinvainavailsnohingimakesmoresenseosubmi，fornow，whileyouseeknewsofheproecorwhenyoulearnwhereheis，youmaygoohimimmediaelyhawayyouwillensurehesafeyofhewodies，youwillremainrueohepeachgardenoah，andyouwillpreserveyourownmosusefullifehese，broher，areheadvanagesforyouoweigh’‘broher，’lordguanreplied‘youspeakofhreeadvanagesihavehreecondiions：firs，heimperialuncle，liuxuande，andihaveswornoupholdhehouseofhanishallsurrenderoheemperor，noocaocaosecond，irequesformywosisersinwheconsideraionbefiinganimperialuncle’swivesnoone，howeverhighhissaion，isoapproachheirgaeandhird，hemomenwelearnofimperialuncleliu’swhereabous，nomaerhowfarawayhemaybe，ishalldeparforhwihdeniedanyofhesecondiions，ishallnosurrenderpleasereurnocaocaowihmyerms’lordguanrodeocaocao’scampwihafewdozenhorsemen‘havinglongeseemedyourloyalyandsenseofhonor，’caosaid，‘iamfavoredodaywihameeingwhichfulfillsalifelongdesire’lordguansaid，‘zhangliaohasconveyedoyouonmybehalfhehreecondiionsofmysurrenderiamhonoredbyyourconsenandrusherewillbenoreracion’‘myword，oncegiven，ishonored，’wascao’sreply‘shouldilearnofheimperialuncle’swhereabous，’lordguanwenon，‘imusgoojoinhim，whaeverhedangersorobsaclesinhaeven，imaynohaveimeevenoakeformalleave，soihumblybegyourpardonagainshaime’‘ifliuxuandesilllives，’caocaosaid，‘youarefreeojoinhimbuhemayhaveperishedu

oicedinheconfusionofbale’caocaoheldabanqueinhishonorhefollowingdaycaocaobeganwihdrawingheimperialarmyfromhenewlyconqueredxiapiforhemarchbackohecapiallordguanpreparedforhejourney，providedhecarriageguard，andbadehissisersinwascendenroueherodealongsideinaendanceheybrokeheirripaahosel，wherecaocao，aimingodisrupheproprieiesbeweenlordandliegeman，assignedlordguanandhissisersinwoasinglechamberbulordguannevereneredhechamber；heremainedaaenionousidehedoor，holdingacandlehaburnedhroughhenighunildawnhiseyesshowednoraceoffaiguecaocao’srespecforhimgrewinhecapialcaocaoprovidedofficialquarersforlordguanandxuande’swiveslordguanhadhedwellingdividedinowocompounds

ahei

ergaeheposedenelderlyguardsheoccupiedheouercompoundhimselfcaocaoconducedlordguaninohepresenceofheemperor，whoconferredonhimheileadjuangenerallordguangavehanksforhesovereign’sgraceandreurnedohisquarershenexdaycaocaoheldagrandbanque，assemblinghisenirecorpsofadvisersandofficersandreainglordguanasanhonoredguescaoinviedhimoakeheseaofhonorandpresenedhimwihbrocadesilksaswellasgoldandsilveruensils—allofwhichlordguangaveoverohissisersinwforsafekeeping，caocaoshowedunusualgenerosiy，givinghimsmallbanqueseveryhirdday，rgeoneseveryfifhenhandsomewomenweregivenolordguan，buhesenhemonoservehiswosisersinwlearningofhishighcouresy，caocaoinwardlyhonoredlordguanmorehaneveronedaycaocaonoicedhalordguan’sgreenembroideredcombagarbwasbadlywornhehadhewarrior’smeasureakenandpresenedhimwihbaledressofheraresbrocadelordguanaccepedi，buheworeiunderneahheoldonecaocaoeasedhimforbeingfrugal，andlordguansaid，‘iisnofrugaliyheolddresswasagiffromimperialuncleliuifeelnearhimwheniweariicouldneverforgemyelderbroher’sgifonaccounofyourexcellency’snewohaiswhyiweariunderneah’‘ruly，amanofhonor，’caocaoexcimedbuinwardlyhewasroubledonedayaferabanquecaocaowasescoringlordguanfromheminiserialresidencewhenhenoicedhahismounwasemaciaed‘whyisyourhorsesoski

y？’caoinquired‘myworhlesscarcasshasgrownheavy，’lordguanreplied‘hehorseiswornoufrombearingme’caohadhisaidesbringinahorsepoiningoi，caoasked，‘doyourecognizehishorse？’‘isn’iredhare，’lordguananswered，‘hehorselubuoncerode？’caocaonoddedandpresenedhemoun，compleelyequipped，olordguan，whobowedrepeaedlyanddecredhisgraiudepiqued，caocaoasked，‘ihavesenyoubeauifulwomen，gold，rollsofsilk，oneaferheoher，andneverdidyoucondescendobownowforhishorseyoukeepbowingandbowingdoyouvalueabeasabovehumans？’‘iadmirehishorse，’lordguansaid‘icancoverahousandliinasingledayiisagifhawillenablemeoreachmybroherinasingledayshouldhiswhereabousbecomeunknown’caocaoswallowedhisasonishmenandregreedhegif(chaper25)“assoonasguanyureceivedreliableinformaionabouliubei，hewroecaocaoafarewellmessage：“whenilosmycommandaxiapi，ireceivedyourgraciousconsenomyhreedemandsnowihavediscoveredhamyfirsliegeisinhearmyofyuanshaoourcovenaniseverinmyhoughs；oberayiisunhinkabledespiehegreafavoryouhavebesowedonmeofe，hisoriginalbondmusbehonorediherebydeliverhisleeroa

ouncemydeparure，presumingohopehayoumayconsideriforwhaeverbenefacionimayyeremaininyourdeb，kindlydeferheaccouningunilsomefuureday’ranscribedandsealed，heleerwasakenoheprimeminser’sresidencelordguanlockedawayallvaluablesreceivedduringhissayandlefhissealofoffice，lordofhanshouprecinc，hanginginhehallnexhehadhissisersinwmounhecarriagereadiedforhemasrideredhare，heswordgreendragoninhand，andringedbyhisoriginalfollowers，lordguan，wihmenacingeyeandleveledbde，pushedsraighouofhenorhciygae，pasheobjecinggaewarden”(chaper26)hisiswhy“hemanofhemagnificenbeardridesaloneahousandlihelordofhanshousyssixgeneralsandbreachesfivepasses”(chaper27)hisisalsowhy“lordguanreleases，andobligaes，caocao”ahuarongjusbecause“lordguanriskedhislifeohankabenefacor；andmenforeveraferheldhisnameinhonor”(chaper50)fromherewecanalsoseelordguanhasheexcellenqualiiesofloyaly，honor，wisdom，benevolenceandcouragewhichconcenraedlyreflecourradiionalmoralvaluesha’swhylordguandeservesallourreverence

吕蒙如何袭得荆州？关公为何被害？孔明一针见血地指出：“关公平日刚而自矜，故今日有此祸。”（第七十八回）曹操闻知玄德自立汉中王，即修书令满宠为使，星夜投江东来见孙权。宠呈上操书，曰：“吴、魏自来无仇，皆因刘备之故，致生衅隙。魏王差某到此，约将军攻取荆州，魏王以兵临汉川，首尾夹击。破刘之后，共分疆土，誓不相侵。”孙权一面送满宠回，约会曹操，首尾相击；一面遣诸葛瑾为使，投荆州来探云长动静，方可行事。

诸葛瑾对关羽说：“特来求结两家之好：吾主吴侯有一子，甚聪明；闻将军有一女，特来求亲。两家结好，并力破曹。此诚美事，请君侯思之。”云长勃然大怒曰：“吾虎女安肯嫁犬子乎！不看汝弟之面，立斩汝首！再休多言！”遂唤左右逐出，完全不顾诸葛亮要维护与东吴友好的忠告（第七十三回）。陆逊对吕蒙说：“云长倚恃英雄，自料无敌，所虑者惟将军耳。将军乘此机会，托疾辞职，以陆口之任让之他人，使他人卑辞赞美关公，以骄其心，彼必尽撤荆之兵，以向樊城。若荆州无备，用一族之师，别出奇计以袭之，则荆州在掌握之中矣”。关羽果撤荆州之兵以攻樊城，吕蒙突袭得了荆州。（第七十五回）结果，正如关羽自己所说：“我今误中奸计，有死而已，何必多言！”“于是关公父子皆遇害。时建安二十四年（公元220年）冬十二月也。关公亡年五十八岁。

howhaslumengofhesouhndsurprisedjingzhou？whyhaslordguanbeenkilled？kongminghaspoinedousharply：“lordguan’swillfularrogancecausedhiscaasrophe”(chaper78)whencaocaolearnedhaxuandehadinsalledhimselfaskingofhanzhong，heorderedmanchongovisisunquanashisrepresenaivesubmiingcaocao’sleer，manchongsaid，“hesouhndandweihavenoquarrel；liubeihasbeenhecauseofhehosiliiesbeweenushekingofweihassenmehereoworkouanagreemenwherebyyou，general，willaackandakeoverjingzhouwhilehebringshisarmyupohanzhongsohawecanaackliubeionwofronsonceheisdesroyed，wecandividehiserriories，pledgingorespecheboundarybeween”sunquansenmanchongbackwihheiragreemenocoordinaeagainsliubei；busenzhugejinojingzhou，oo，oprobeheaciviiesoflordguanhaishewayoproceed“icomeforoneparicurpurpose，”zhugejinsaidoguanyu，“obindheamiyofourwohousesmymaserhasason，ayouhofhighinelligenceand，iundersand，youhaveadaugher；iisherhandicomeoseekifourwohousesformhisunionandcombiodesroycaocao，iwillberulysplendidibegyouoconsideri，mylord”lordguan’sanswercameinabursofanger：“myigerssmarriedoffoamongrel？i’dhaveyourheadifyouweren’kongming’sbroher！speakofinomore！”lordguan，compleelyignoringzhugeliang’sadviceomainainamiywihhesouhnd，calledforhisaides，whodrovezhugejinscurryingoff(chaper73)“lordguancounsoomuchonhisheroicvalor，”luxuexpinedolumeng，“andassumeshehasnoequalyoualonecausehimconcerngeneral，akehisopporuniyoresignyouroffice，pleadingillhealhyieldyourcommandherealukouosomeoneelse，someonewhomwewillinsrucoaccimandexallordguanwihselfdeprecaoryphrasesinorderofeedhisarrogancehenhewillbesureopullbackfromjingzhouandconcenraeonfanifheleavesjingzhouunprepared，asurpriseaackbyoneofourconingenswillyieldconrolofiwihaminimumofeffor”asexpeced，lordguanhaspulledroopsouofjingzhouinorderoaackfanandlumenghassuccessfullysurprisedjingzhou(chaper75)consequenly，jusaslordguansaid，“nowhaihaveblunderedinoyourreacherousdevices，deahaloneremainshereisnomoreosay”“andsolordguanandhisson，ping，werebeheadedinhewelfhmonhofhewenyfourhyearofjianan(ad220)lordguanwasfifyeighyearsofage”(chaper77)

张飞：字翼德。身长八尺，豹头环眼，燕颔虎须，声若巨雷，势如奔马。世居涿郡，颇有庄田，卖酒屠猪，专好结交天下豪杰。当他得知刘备有志欲破贼安民时，他说：“吾颇有资财，当招募乡勇，与公同举大事，如何？”刘备甚喜，遂与同入村店中饮酒并遇到关羽。

三人离店同到张飞庄上，祭告天地，结拜为兄弟，协力同心，然后可图大事。

zhangfei：hissyleisyideheisamaneighspansall，wihablunheadlikeapanher’s，hugeroundeyes，aswallow’sheavyjowls，aiger’swhiskers，ahunderousvoice，andasancelikeadashinghorsehehaslivedinzhuocounyforgeneraions，farminghispieceofnd，sellingwine，andsugheringpigsheseeksobefriendmenofboldspiriwhenhelearnedhaliubeihaddecidedohelpdesroyhebandisandproechepeople，hesaid，“ihaveresourceshacouldbeusedorecruiinhisareale’sworkogeherforhecausewhaaboui？”liubeiwaseed，andhewowenoaavernandmewihguanyuhereogeherhehreelefheavernandwenozhangfei’sfarmooffersacrificehereoheavenandearh，andpledgeocombiheirsrenghandpurposeasswornbrohershenhey’llpnheircourseofacion

张飞看起来凶神恶煞的，给人的印象是鲁莽勇猛的粗人。但他敬重有学问的人，敬重英雄；他向军师诸葛亮学到了很多，他从战斗实践中学到了更多。因而，他把自己变成了一个智勇双全的人。例如，“张翼德怒鞭督邮”（第二回），“破关兵三英战吕布”（第五回），“关张共擒王刘二将”（第二十二回），“张翼德大闹长坂桥”（第四十二回），“张翼德义释严颜”（第六十三回），“猛张飞智取瓦口隘”（第七十回），等等。

zhangfeilooksveryfierceandgivespeopleheimpressionhaheisaboor，crudeandrash，boldandpowerfulbuhehasgrearespecforlearnedmenandheroeshehaslearnedalofromhisdirecorgeneralzhugelianghehaslearnedevenmorefromhispraciceofbalesconsequenly，hehasurnedhimselfinoamanwhohasbohwisdomandcourageforinsance，“zhangfeiwhipshegovernmeninspecor”(chaper2)“hehreebrohersengagelubuinbale”(chaper5)，“lordguanandzhangfeicapurewogenerals”(chaper22)，“zhangfeimakesanuproaraseepslopebridge”(chaper42)，“zhangfeiobligesyanyan”(chaper63)，“fiercezhangfeiakeswakoupass”(chaper70)，ec

张飞对部下非常厉害，动辄鞭笞。刘备常常告诫他：“朕素知卿酒后暴怒，鞭挞健儿，而复令在左右：此取祸之道也。今后务宜宽容，不可如前。”“却说张飞回到阆中，下令军中：限三日内制办白旗白甲，三军挂孝伐吴。次日，帐下两员末将范疆、张达，入帐告曰：

‘白旗白甲，一时无措，须宽限方可。’飞大怒曰：‘吾急欲报仇，恨不明日便到逆贼之境，汝安敢违我将令！’叱武士缚于树上，各鞭背五十。鞭毕，以手指之曰：‘来日俱要完备！若违了限，即杀汝二人示众！’打得二人满口出血。回到营中商议，范疆曰：‘今日受了刑责，着我等如何办得？其人性暴如火，倘来日不完，你我皆被杀矣！’张达曰：‘比如他杀我，不如我杀他。’二人商议停当。……原来张飞每睡不合眼；当夜寝于帐中，范、张二贼见他须竖目张，本不敢动手。因闻鼻息如雷，方敢近前，以短刀刺入飞腹。飞大叫一声而亡。时年五十五岁。

zhangfeiisveryseverewihhissubordinaes，whippinghemfrequenlyliubeiofenwarnshim，“youhaveofenurnedviolenaferwine，beaenyoursalwars，andhenreassignedheminyourpersonalguardhaisagoodwayodesroyyourselfhereaferchangeyourways；makeanefforobeoleranandundersanding”“zhangfeireurnedohiscampinngzhong，wherehealloedbuhreedaysopreparewhieba

ersandwhiearmorsohahisarmiesmighseforhagainshesouhndunderhecolorofmourninghenexdaywominorcommanders，fanjiangandzhangda，eneredhisenanda

ounced，‘healloedperiodwillhaveobeexendedifweareoarrangeforwhieba

ersandwhiearmor”violenlyangeredbyhesewords，zhangfeishoued，‘myvengeancewillbrooknodeyheshameishawecan’reachheraior’sbordersomorrow！andyeyoudareconravenemycommand！’heshriekedforhemobeboundoareeandshedonhebackfifyimeshenhepoinedahemmenacinglyandcried，‘everyhingisobereadyomorrow！ifyoufail，iwillmakeapublicexamplewihyourheads！’andhebeahemunilbloodranfromheirmouhsheworeurnedocampohinkofawayosavehemselvesfanjiangsaid，‘aferabeainglikehis，howarewegoingocarryouourorders？

heman’sasviolenasfireandunlesseveryhing’sreadyomorrow，webohwilldie！’‘beerhimhanus，’zhangdaansweredhewomenpreparedhemselvesoacnow，zhangfeialwaysslepwihopenlids，fanandzhangwachinghesleepingman’sbrislingbeardandsaringeyes，soodparalyzedhen，hearinghelouddroneofbreahinhisnosrils，heyseppedupandplungedheirdaggersinozhangfei’sbellyzhangfeigaveasinglecryanddiedhewasfifyfiveyearsofage”

孙权：字仲谋，是孙坚和吴夫人所生的第二个儿子。“孙权生得方颐大口，碧眼紫髯。

昔汉使刘琬入吴，见孙家诸昆仲，因语人曰：‘吾遍观孙氏兄弟，虽各才气秀达，然皆禄祚不终。惟仲谋形貌奇伟，骨格非常，乃大贵之表，又享高寿：众皆不及也。”（第二十九回）

sunquan：hissyleiszhongmou，hesecondsonofsunjiananddywu“sunquanhadasquarejawandabroadmouh，jadegreeneyesandapurplishbeardmanyyearsagoliuwan，ahanenvoyonamissionohesouh，hadmeallhesonsofhehouseofsun‘inmyview，’hehadremarked，‘houghhesebrohershavesplendidalen，noneisfaedolivelong—wihheexcepionofsunquanhissrikingandheroiclooksandmassiveframebeokengreanobiliyaswellaslonglife’(chaper29)”

孙权的父亲孙坚只三十七岁就被刘表的健将吕公所杀害。（第七回）他的大哥孙策临死时，“自叹曰：‘吾不能复生矣！’随召张昭等诸人，及第孙权，至卧榻前，嘱付曰：

‘天下方乱，以吴越之众，三江之固，大可有为。子布等幸善相吾弟。’乃取印绶与孙权曰：‘若举江东之众，决机于两阵之间，与天下争衡，卿不如我；举贤任能，使各尽力以保江东，我不如卿。卿宜念父兄创业之艰难，善自图之！’权大哭，拜受印绶。”那时他只有十八岁，并承担了管理江东的责任。（第二十九回）

sunquan’sfahersunjianwaskilledaheageofonlyhirysevenyearsoldbyliubiao’sablesgenerallugongahiselderbrohersunce’sdyinghour，“cesaid，‘ica

oliveon，’andsummonedohisbedsideheadviserzhangzhao，hisbrohersunquan，andohers‘inhisperiodofupheavalhesouhndhasgreapossibiliieswehaveasubsanialpopuionandhenauraldefenseofheriversinowaskzhangzhaoandallofyouoaidmyyoungerbroher’sosaying，sunceconferredhissealandcordonsunquan，adding，‘formobilizingourpeople，forheinsananeousdecisiononhebalefield，forconendingwihpuissanadversariesfordominion，youarenomyequalbuforselecingandemployingworhyandcapablemenwhowillgiveheiralloproechesouh，iamnoyourequalalwaysbearinmindhehardshipsanddifficulieshaourfaherandyourelderbrohersufferedinfoundinghisheriage，andbevigininguardingi’sunquanwepandbowedasheaccepedheseal”ahaimehewasonlyeigheenyearsoldandunderookheresponsibiliyofgoverninghesouhnd(chaper29)

孙权不仅对父兄旧人绝无轻怠而且对人才非常尊重。孙权问周瑜：“‘今承父兄之业，将何策以守之？’瑜曰：‘自古得人者昌，失人者亡。为今之计，须求高明远见之人为辅，然后江东可定也。’权曰：‘先兄遗言：内事托子布，外事全赖公瑾。’瑜曰：‘子布贤达之士，足当大任。瑜不才，恐负倚托之重，愿荐一人以辅将军。’权问何人。瑜曰：‘姓鲁，名肃，字子敬，临淮东川人也。此人胸怀韬略，腹隐机谋。今主公可速召之。’权大喜，即命周瑜往聘……肃从其言，遂同周瑜来见孙权。权甚敬之，与之谈论，终日不倦。一日，众官皆散，权留鲁肃共饮，至晚同榻抵足而卧。夜半，权问肃曰：‘方今汉室倾危，四方纷扰；孤承父兄余业，思为桓、文之事，君将何以教我？’肃曰：‘肃窃料汉室不可复兴，曹操不可卒除。为将军计，惟有鼎足江东以观天下之衅。今乘北方多务，剿除黄祖，进伐刘表，竟长江所极而据守之；然后建号帝王，以图天下。’肃又荐一人见孙权：此人博学多才，事母至孝；覆姓诸葛，名瑾，字子瑜，琅琊南阳人也。权拜之为上宾。瑾劝权勿通袁绍，且顺曹操，然后乘便图之。权依言……”（第二十九回）由此可见，孙权真是独具慧眼并能慧眼识人；他不仅能知人善任，而且能纳谏如流。因而，孙权有“文武诸人，共相辅佐，由此江东称得人之盛。”（第三十八回）

sunquannoonlyneverneglecshosewhohaveservedhisfaherandelderbroherbualsorespecsalenedpeopleverymuchwhenzhouyuhurriedohefuneral，quanaskedyu：“nowhaihaveakenpossessionofhisparimony，whasraegyshalliuseopreservei？”“oneenduringrule，”zhouyubegan，“ishahewhofindsgoodmenwillprosper，andhewhodoesnowillperishoshapepnsforhepresenandoconsolidaehesouhndyoumusseekhesupporofhighminded，farseeinginellecs”sunquansaid，“mybroher’sswordswere，‘rusinernalmaersozhangzhao，exernalonesozhouyu’”zhouyureplied，“zhangzhaoisaworhyandaccomplishedschor，fiforgreaasksbuiamno，andihesiaeoshoulderheburdenconsignedomelemerecommendamanoassisyou，general—lusu(syledzijing)fromdongchuaninlinhuaiheisamineofsraegies，asorehouseofmachinaionsmylord，callhimoyouwihoudey”sunquanwaspleasedwihzhouyu’srecommendaionandsenzhouyuoengagelusu’sserviceslusuaccepedzhouyu’sinviaionsunquanreceivedlusuwihhegreaesrespec，andheyhelddaylongdiscussionsoneday，afercourhadadjourned，sunquankeplusubehindoshareasimplerepas；henheywenobedaopposieendsofhesamecouchinhemiddleofhenighsunquanasked，“nowhehouseofhanoersprecariously，andhefourquarersofheempireareinurmoilihaveakenupanunfinishedasklefomebymyefaherandelderbroheriyearnoemuehoseancienhegemony，pariarchshuanandwen，whoookhesonofheavenunderheirproecionhowshouldiproceed？”lusubegan，“inmyjudgmen，hehanispasrecovery；andcaocaoca

obefinallyremovedhereforehebespnforyou，general，isomakehesouhndhefirmfooofheripod，consolidaeyourregion，andlookforopporuniiesoakeacion

youcanexploihemanypreoccupaionsofhenorh：knockouhuangzu’sposiion，aackliubiaoinjingzhou，andakeconrolofhegreariverinisenireyhisdone，esablishyourimperialileandurnyourambiionsowardheresofherealm”ahisimelusurecommendedosunquananohermanofgrealearning，alen，andfilialdevoion，zhugejin(ziyu)fromnanyanginngyesunquanreaedzhugejinooasanhonoredguesonzhugejin’sadvicesunquandecidednooassociaehimselfwihyuanshao，buraherofollowcaocao’sleadforheimebeingunilhecouldmaneuveragainshimmoreeasily(chaper29)fromherewecanseesunquancanreallyseewhaohersca

oanddevelopasharpeyefordiscoveringablepeoplehecannoonlydiscoverablepeopleandpuhemasuiablepossbualsocondescendolisenoadvicefromhissubordinaesconsequenly，“sunquan’scivilandmiliaryofficialsworkedinclosecooperaion，andhesouhndgainedarepuaionasandhafoseredalen”(chaper38)