唐太宗：“彼时是大唐太宗皇帝登基，改元贞观，已登极十三年，岁在己巳，天下太平，八方进贡，四海称臣”。“太宗问曰：‘你是何人？因甚事前来接拜？’那人道：‘微臣半月前，在森罗殿上，见泾河鬼龙告陛下许救反诛之故，第一殿秦广大王即差鬼使催请陛下，要三曹对案。臣已知之，故来此间候接。’太宗道：‘你姓甚名谁？是何官职？’那人道：‘微臣存日，在阳曹侍先君驾前，为兹州令，后拜礼部侍郎，姓崔名罥。今在阴司，得受酆都掌案判官。’太宗大喜，近前来御手忙搀道：‘先生远劳，朕驾前魏征有书一封，正寄与先生，却好相遇。’判官谢恩，问书在何处。太宗即向袖中取出递与崔罥。”“其书曰：‘今因我太宗文皇帝倏然而故，料是对案三曹，必然得与兄长相会。万祈俯念生日交情，方便一二，放我陛下回阳，殊为爱也。容再修谢。’那判官看了书，满心欢喜道：‘魏人曹前日梦斩老龙一事，臣已早知，甚是夸奖不尽。又蒙他早晚看顾臣的子孙，今日既有书来，陛下宽心，微臣管送陛下还阳，重登玉阙。’太宗称谢了。”二人正说间，他们被引进了“幽冥地府鬼门关”，顺街而走。“只见那街旁边有先主李渊，先兄建成，故弟元吉，上前道：‘世民来了！世民来了！’那建成、元吉就来揪打索命。太宗躲闪不及，被他扯住。

幸有崔判官唤一青面獠牙鬼使，喝退了建成、元吉，太宗方得脱身而去。”“约有片时，秦广王拱手而进言曰：‘泾河鬼龙告陛下许救而反杀之，何也？’太宗道：‘朕曾夜梦老龙来救，实是允他无事，不期他犯罪当刑，该我那人曹官魏征处斩。朕宣魏征在殿着棋，不知他一梦而斩。这是那人曹官出没神机，又是那龙王犯罪当死，岂是朕之过也？’十代阎王闻言，伏礼道：‘只因鬼龙在此折辩，定要陛下来此三曹对案，望乞恕我催促之罪。’言毕，命掌生死簿判官：‘急取簿子来，看陛下阳寿天禄该有几何？’崔判官急转司房，将天下万国国王天禄总簿，先逐一检阅，只见南赡部洲大唐太宗皇帝注定贞观一十三年。崔判官吃了一惊，急取浓墨大笔，将‘一’字上添了两画，却将簿子呈上。十王见太宗名下注定三十三年，阎王惊问：‘陛下登基多少年了？’太宗道：‘朕即位，今一十三年了。’阎王道：

‘陛下宽心勿虑，还有二十年阳寿。此一来已是对案明白，请返本还阳。’十阎王差崔判官、朱太尉二人，送太宗还魂。”“朕与十王作别，允了送他瓜果谢恩。”“又过着枉死城中，有无数的冤魂，挡住了朕之去路。幸亏崔判官作保，借得河南相老儿的金银一库，买转鬼魂，方得前行。崔判官教朕回阳世，千万作一场水陆大会，超度那无主的孤魂，切勿忘了。若是阴司里无报恕之声，阳世间方得享太平之庆。凡百不善之处，俱可一一改过，普谕世人为善，管教你后代绵长，江山永固。”这就是为什么唐太宗复回阳间为君要“出榜招僧，修建水陆大会，超度冥府孤魂”。这也是为什么唐王一听大阐法师陈玄奘说“愿效犬马之劳，与陛下求取真经，祈保我王江山永固”就大喜的原因，上前将御手扶起玄奘道：“法师果能尽此忠贤，不怕程途遥远，跋涉山川，朕情愿与你拜为兄弟。”这也是为什么唐王道“当时菩萨说，西天有经三藏。御弟可指经取号，号作三藏何如？”这也是为什么唐王和多官送唐三藏出关并祝酒道：“日久年深，山遥路远，御弟可进此酒：宁恋本乡一捻土，莫爱他乡万两金。”

heangemperoraizong：“ahaimeemperoraizongofhegreaangwasonhehronehehadchangedhenameofheperiodofreignozhenguan，andhadbeenreigningforhireenyearsheyearwasjisiandheworldwasapeace；ribuewasbeingseninfromheeighdirecions，andallwihinhefourseasacknowledgedhemselvesassubjecs”“heemperorasked，‘whoareyouandwhyhaveyoucomeomeeme？’‘afornighagoyourhumbleservanheardhedragonkingofheriverjingbringingacaseagainsyourmajesyinhesenluopacebecausehewasexecueddespieyourpromiseosavehim，’repliedheoher‘hekingofqinguangofhefirspacesendevilmessengerswihanurgensummonsoyourmajesyobepresenwhenhecaseisheardbeweenhehreeorders：hehumanorder，heunderworldorderandhewaerorderwheniheardhisicamehereomeeyourmajesy’‘whaisyournameandposiion？’askedaizong‘whenyourhumbleservanwasaliveiusedoservehisemajesyiwasmagisraeofcizhou，andermadevicepresidenofheminisryofriesmynameiscuijueihavenowbeengivenofficeinheunderworldashejudgeinchargeofcasesafengdu’aizong，grealydelighedolearnhis，wenupohimandsupporedhimwihhisimperialhandsashesaid，‘sir，youhavemadealongandexhausingjourneyweizheng，ourminiser，gaveusaleerforyou；howluckyhawehaveme’hejudgehankedhimandaskedwhereheleerwasaizongproducedifromhissleeveandhandedioverocuijue”“heleerreadsasfollows：‘asheculuredemperoraizonghasrecenlypassedawayfromasuddenillnessiseemslikelyhahiscasewillbediscussedbyhehreeorders，sohaheisboundomeeyou，elderbroheribeseechyouorememberhefriendshipofhedayswhenyouwerealiveandgivehismajesysuchassisanceaswillenablehimoreurnohesunlighhiswouldbeagreafavour，andishallwrieagainohankyou’hejudgewasverypleasedwhenhehadreadheleer‘iknowabouhowheofficialweiofhepersonaldeparmenbeheadedhedragoninadreamheoherday，’hesaid，‘andhisnewsfilledmewihgreaadmiraionhehasalwayslookedafermysonsandgrandsons，andnowhaihavealeerfromhim，yourmajesyneedhavenoworriesyourhumbleservancanunderakeoescoryourmajesybackoheligh，whereyouwilloncemoreascendhehrone’aizonghankedhim”asheywerealking，heywereledinodevilgaeofheworldofdarknessandwenalongissrees“besideheroadhesawhisfaherandpredecessorliyuan，aswellashisdeadbrohersjianchengandyuanji，whowenupohimandsaid，‘shimin’shere，shimin’shere，’usinghispersonalnameheygrabbedandhihim，demandingheirlivesback；andasaizongcouldnoavoidhemheyheldhimfasuniljudgecuiorderedabluefaceddevilwiherriblefangsodrivehemawayonlyhenwasaizangableoescapefromheircluches”“amomenerhekingofqinguangcspedhishandsogeherandsaid，‘whyisihaheghosdragonofheriverjinghasbroughacaseagainsyourmajesy，sayinghahewasexecueddespieyourpromiseosavehim？’‘ihadadreamhaanolddragoncameoaskmeosavehim，’repliedaizong，‘andididinfacpromisehahewouldcomeonoharm；buasiurnedouhiscrimewasacapialone，forwhichhewasdueobebeheadedbyheminiserinheperso

eldeparmen，weizhengwesummonedweizhengocomeandpychessinhepace，andineverknewhahehadbeheadedhedragoninadreamhishappenedbecausehaofficercancomeandgomiraculously，andalsobecausehedragonkinghadcommiedacrimeforwhichhedeservedodie

wewereinnowayobmeforhisdeah’whenheengeneraionsofkingsofheunderworldheardhissaemenheybowedandreplied，‘onlybecauseheghosdragonhasbeenarguingabouhemaerwehadosendforyourmajesywehopehayourmajesywillforgiveusforforcingyouoaend’henheyorderedhejudgeinchargeofheregisersofbirhanddeahofechhemaonceoseehowlonghismajesywasdueolivejudgecuihurriedohisofficeandookdownhegeneralregiserofhelenghsofhereignsheavenhadallowedohekingsofallhecounriesofheearhashewaslookinghroughihesawohishorrorhaemperoraizongofhegreaanginhesouhernjampuconinenwasdueodieinyear13ofhisreignhehurriedlyseizedargebrushsoakedinink，changed13ino33，henhehandedheregiserupheenkingssaredahebegi

ingandreadihroughunilheysawhaaizongwasdueoreignforhiryhreeyears‘howlonghasyourmajesybeenonhehrone？’askedheshockedkingsofhell‘iisnowhireenyearssincemyaccession，’aizongreplied‘henhereisnoneedforyourmajesyoworry，’saidkingyama‘youhavewenyyearsoflifeaheadofyounowhayouhaveansweredhesechargessaisfacorily，willyoupleasereurnoheworldofligh’heenkingshenorderedjudgecuiandmarshalzhuoreurnaizonghissoul”“weookourleaveofheenkingsandpromisedosendhemsomepumpkinsandfruiasamarkofourhanks”“henwewenhroughheciyofheunjuslysinwhereherewerecounlessghossofhewronglykilled，blockingourwayluckilyjudgecuiacedasourguaranorandlenusoneofhehoardsofgoldandsilverofamrxiangofhenan，wihwhichwewereableobuyhemoffandconinueonourwayjudgecuioldushawhenwereurnedoheworldofhelivingwehadaninescapableobligaionoholdagreamassoenableallhoseforlornghossobereborndon’onanyaccounforge，asherecanonlybepeaceonearhifherearenovengeanceseekingghossinheunderworldeverysinglewrongwillhaveobecorrecedeachallpeopleobegood，andhenyouwillbeableoassureheconinuiyofyourlineandheeernalsecuriyofyourempire”hiswaswhyheangemperoraizong“issuedanoicesummoningmonksocomeandholdagreamassforherebirhofhoselonelysoulsinheunderworld”aferhehadreurnedoruleheworldofhelivingoncemorehiswasalsowhyheangemperorwasoverjoyedandwenforwardoraisexuanzangohisfee，saying“ifyouarepreparedoexeryourloyalyandwisdomohefull，nofearinghelenghofhejourneyorheriversandmounainsyouwillhaveocross，ishallmakeyoumyswornbroherassoonashehadheardhehierarchchenxuanzangsay“iwouldlikeooffermyhumbleefforsofechherueuresforyourmajesyandhusensureheeernalsecuriyofyourempirehiswasalsowhyheangemperorsaid“hebodhisavasaidyeserdayhaherearehreesores(sanzang)ofuresinhewesernheavenyou，broher，shouldakeacouresynamefromhiswhaabousanzang？’hiswasalsowhyheangemperorandahosofofficialswenbycarriageoaccompanysanzangohecheckpoinandoasedangsanzang，bysaying“hedaysandyearswillbelong，hemounainswillbehigh，andheroadwillleadyoufaraway，asyoushoulddrinkhiswioshowhayouhavemoreloveforapinchofdusfromhomehanforhousandsofouncesofforeigngold”

“原来那太宗自贞观十三年九月望前三日送唐僧出城，至十六年，即差工部官在西安关外起建了望经楼接经，太宗年年亲至其地。恰好那一日出驾复道楼上……八戒挑着担，沙僧牵着马，行者领着圣僧，都按下云头，落于望经楼边。太宗同多官一齐见了，即下楼相迎道：‘御弟来也？’唐僧即倒身下拜，太宗搀起，又问：‘此三者何人？’唐僧道：‘是途中收的徒弟。’太宗大喜，即命侍官：‘将朕御车马扣背，请御弟上马，同朕回朝。’太宗又问：‘多少经数？怎生取来？’三藏道：‘臣僧到了灵山，参见佛祖，蒙差阿傩、伽叶二尊者先引至珍楼内赐斋，次到宝阁内传经。那尊者需索人事，因未曾备得，不曾送他，他遂以经与了……皆是无字空本。臣等着惊，复去拜告恳求，佛祖道：‘此经成就之时，有比丘圣僧将下山与舍卫国赵长者家看诵了一遍，保佑他家生者安全，亡者超脱，止讨了他三斗三升米粒黄金，意思还嫌卖贱了，后来子孙没钱使用。’我等知二尊者需索人事，佛祖明知，只得将钦赐紫金钵盂送他，方传了有字真经。此经有三十五部，各部中检了几卷传来，共计五千零四十八卷，此数盖合一藏也。’太宗更喜，教：‘光禄寺设宴，开东阁酬谢。’太宗草拟‘圣教序’，以表对三藏取回真经的谢意。太宗即令多官：‘把真经各虔捧几卷，同朕到雁塔寺，请御弟谈经去来。’长老仍命：‘八戒沙僧牵龙马，理行囊，行者在我左右。’

又向太宗道：‘主公欲将真经传流天下，须当誊录副本，方可布散。原本还当珍藏，不可轻亵。’太宗又笑道：‘御弟之言甚当！甚当！’随召翰林院及中书科各官誊写真经。又建一寺，在城之东，名曰誊黄寺。长老捧几卷登台，方欲讽诵，忽闻得香风缭绕，半空中有八大金刚现身高叫道：‘诵经的，放下经卷，跟我回西去也。’这底下行者三人，连白马平地而起，长老亦将经卷丢下，也从台上起于九霄，相随腾空而去，慌得那太宗与多官望空下拜。

太宗与多官拜毕，即选高僧，就于雁塔寺里，修建水陆大会，看诵《大藏真经》，超脱幽冥孽鬼，普施善庆。”

“nowaferseeingheangpriesofffromheciyonhewelfhdayofheninhmonhinhehireenhyearofzhenguanheemperoraizonghadinhesixeenhyearsenofficialsofhisdeparmenofworksobuildawachingforhescripuresowerousideheciyofxi’anoreceiveheures

hereaizongweninpersoneveryyearisohappenedhaonheverydayheemperorwenoheower

bajiehenshoulderedapolewhilefriarsandheldhehorseandbrohermonkeyledheholymonkasheybroughheirclouddownondbesidehewachingforhescripuresowerwhenaizongandhisofficialsallsawhisheycamedownogreeheravallerswihhewords，‘youareback，imperialyoungerbroher，’heangpriesfellohegroundinakowow，onlyobehelpedbackohisfeebyaizong，whoasked，‘whoarehehree？’‘heyaredisciplesiookonalongheway，’sanzangreplied

aizongwasdelighed‘harnesshehorsesoourimperialcarriage，’heorderedhisaides，‘andinvieheimperialyoungerbroheromounhisseedandreurnohepacewihus’‘howmanyuresarehere？’heemperorasked‘andhowdidyoufechhem？’‘whenyourclericalsubjecreachedvulurepeakandsawhelordbuddha，’sanzangreplied，‘heoldhearhasanandaandkasyapaoakeusfirsoapreciousowerwhereweweregivenmealessfood，henohelibrary，wherewewerehandedheureshearhasdemandedpresens，buaswehadnobroughanywehadnoogivehenheygaveusheuresheywereallbnk，wordlessversionsweweresoshockedhawewenbackoreporohebuddhaandpleadforherealoneswhahelordbuddhasaidwas，‘whenheseureswerecomposed，bhiksusandholymonkswendownhemounainandreciedhemohefamilyofheelderzhaoinhendofsravasihisensuredpeaceandsafeyforhelivinganddeliveranceforhedeadmembersofhefamilyallhawasaskedforwashreebushelsandhreepecksofgranurgoldihoughhaheysoldheuresoocheap，soisawoihazhao’ssonsandgrandsonswouldbepoor’whenwerealizedhahewoarhasweredemandingapresenandhahelordbuddhaknewallabouiwehadnochoicebuogivehemourbeggingbowlofpurplegoldonlyhendidheyhandoverherueureswihwordsherearehiryfiveofhem，andanumberofrollsfromeachofhemwasselecedobegivenus，makingaoalof5，048rollshiscorrespondsohenumberofrollsinasinglesore’ahisaizongwasmoredelighedhaneverandordered，‘leheproocolofficearrangeahanksgivingbanqueinheeasernhall’aizongdrafeda‘prefaceoheholyeaching’oexpresshishanksforsanzang’sfechingherueuresaizonghenorderedhisofficials，‘eachofyouisreverenlyobringafewrollsofherueuresandaccompanyusohemonaseryofhewildgoosesupa，whereweshallinvieouryoungerbroheropreachonheures’‘pig，friarsand’hevenerableeldercommanded，‘bringhedragonhorsewihyouandpuheluggageinordermonkeywillsaybesideme’hehenaddressedheemperor，saying，‘ifyourmajesywishesospreadherueureshroughouheworldcopiesmusbemadebeforeheycanbepublishedheoriginalexsmusbesoredasgreareasuresheymaynobeshownanydisrespecorbedefiled’‘youngerbroher，’repliedaizongwihasmile，‘whayousayisverycorrec，verycorrec’hehenorderedheofficialsofhehanlinacademyandhepacesecreariaocopyouherueuresandhadanohermonasery，hecopyingmonasery，foundedoheeasofheciywallhevenerableeldermounedhepformwihseveralscripuresinhishandshewasjusabouobeginreciinghemwhenscenedbreezesbeganowafaroundandheeighgreavajrapanisappearedinmidairoshoualoud，‘scripurerecier，puhoseuresdownandcomebackoheweswihus’monkeyandheoherwo，whoweresandingbelowsanzang，allroseupabovehegroundogeherwihhewhiehorsesanzangpuheuresdownandalsoroseupoheninhlevelofclouds，henwenawaywihhemhroughheairaizongandhisofficialswereallsoarmedhaheykowowedoheskywhenaizongandallheofficialshadfinishedworshipping，eminenmonkswereselecedoprepareagreandandseamassinhemonaseryofhewildgoosesupaawhichherueuresofhegreasorewouldberecied，andbywhichallevildoingghossinheunderworldwouldbesaved，andgoodnesswouldspreadallaround”

唐太宗是《西游记》中的关键人物，因为《西游记》的故事来源于唐太宗贞观年间高僧玄奘去天竺取佛经的历史事件。唐王太宗和唐僧玄奘既是我国历史上的两位真实的名人，又是《西游记》中两个重要的人物。不管他们是真实的人还是人物，他们都有着密不可分的关系。正如唐僧一样，真实的唐太宗也是一位智勇双全的人。在我国历史上，在唐僧玄奘从天竺回到大唐后，唐太宗派丞相房玄龄亲迎于洛阳。唐僧入长安后，唐太宗让其还俗为官，被唐僧拒绝，后来唐太宗安排寺院让唐僧翻译佛经，译布中华，广为传播。这一史实与有关情节符合。《西游记》不是把玄奘实际西行取经编成的，但如没有玄奘从我国唐朝西行取经的历史事件，绝不会发展成现在《西游记》中那些传说和神奇的故事。

angaizangwasakeycharacerinjourneyohewes，forhesoriesinhenoveloriginaedfromhehisoricalevenhaasagaciousmonknamedxuanzangmadehisjourneyoheindiansubconinenofechhebuddhissurasinheyearsofzhenguanduringhereignofemperorangaizongbohheangemperoraizongandheangpriesxuanzangwerenoonlyworuefamousmeninhehisoryofourcounrybualsowoimporanficionalizedcharacersinhenoveljourneyohewesheyhadclosereionshipandcouldneverbeseparaednomaerwheherheywereruemenorficionalizedcharacers

juslikeheangpries，heangemperor，asarueman，wasalsobohbraveandsagaciousinhehisoryofourcounry，heangemperorsenhisminiserfangxuanlingoluoyangomeeheangpriesxuanzanginpersonwhenhereurnedohegreaangfromindiaaferheangprieseneredheciyofchang’an，heangemperorlehimresumesecurlifeandbeanofficialbuherefusederonheangemperorappoinedhemonaseryforhimandlehimransehebuddhissuras，consequenly，makinghemknowninchinaandspreadingfarandwidehishisoricfacisinaccordwihheploconcernedinhenoveljourneyohewesisnoaficionalizedversionofheacualravelsofxuanzang，buhadxuanzangnomadehisjourneywesfromangchinahelegendsandfanasieshaleohepresenbookwouldneverhavedeveloped

唐太宗李世民是唐太祖李渊和窦皇后的次子。正如他自己所说：“寡人十九岁领兵，南征北战，东挡西除，苦历数载。”，在帮其父反隋建唐的过程中，他屡立战功，地位仅次于太子，而且在其争战过程中，形成了一个小集团。大唐建立后，李世民利用他的小集团，发动玄武门之变，杀死太子，迫使李渊退位，从此登上皇位，改元贞观。唐太宗即位后，居安思危，任用贤良，虚怀纳谏，并进行了一系列政治、经济和军事改革，终于形成了社会安定、生产发展的繁荣升平景象，史称“贞观之治”，唐太宗也因此成为一代名君。唐太宗（599—649）在贞观二十三年，因大量服食金丹而亡，享年仅五十岁。这就是唐太宗的真实人生。这可能就是为什么《西游记》作者认为唐太宗只是个“真龙”，而不是他理想的“天子”的原因。只有孙悟空才是作者理想的“天子”，也只有孙悟空才能体现作者要表达的深层次主题。

angaizonglishiminwashesecondsonofhefirsfounderofgreaangliyuanandqueendoujusashehimselfsaid，“isaredocommandroopsaheageofnieen，andhadmanyhardyearsoffighingfromhenon，conqueringhenorhandhesouh，defendinginheeas，andwipingouourenemiesinhewes”heperformedmanymiliaryexploisduringhecourseofhelpinghisfaherfighagainshesuidynasywhileesablishingheangdynasyhisposiionwasonlynexohecrownprince；besides，hehadformedhissmallgroupinhefighingyearsaferheesablishmenofhegreaang，lishiminsagedacoupd’eaaxuanwumenbymakinguseofhiscliqueandkilledhecrownprinceandforcedliyuanogiveuphehrone；hushecameohehronehechangedhenameofheperiodofreignozhenguanaferhecameohehrone，heangemperoraizongwaspreparedfordangerinimesofpeaceandappoinedpersonsofalensandviruehemodeslylisenedoopinionsandresoluelycarriedouaseriesopoliical，economicandmiliaryreforms，asaresulhesocialsabiliywaspromod，heproduciondeveloped，hecounrywasbroughaboupeaceandprosperiyhereignofheangemperoraizongwashisoricallycalled“hereignofzhenguan”angaizongwasconsequenlycalled“awisemonarchofhisgeneraion”heangemperoraizong(ad599649)diedofakingoomanygoldenpillsofrefinedelixir(immoraliy)inheyear23ofhisreignhelivedonly50yearshiswasangaizong’sreallifehismighbewhyhewrierofjourneyoheweshoughhaheangemperoraizongwasonlya“ruedragon”，noasonofheavenasheimaginediwasonlysunwukongwho’sheidealsonofheaven(andearh)ashewrierimaginediwasalsosunwukongwhocouldreflechedeepmainhemeofhenovelashewrierwouldlikeoexpress

15　复习讨论题

15　quesionsforrevisionanddiscussion

（1)为什么人人都不得不学习？

（1）whydoeseveryonehaveolearn？

（2）《西游记》是如何发展和创作出来的？

（2）howisjourneyohewesdevelopedandcreaed？

（3）吴承恩为什么要写《西游记》？他是如何写《西游记》的？

（3）whydidwucheng’enwriejourneyohewes？howdidhewriei？

（4）为什么吴承恩的《西游记》一出版，所有以前的版本就消失了？

（4）whydidallearlierversionsdisappearoncewucheng’en’sjourneyoheweswaspublished？

（5）为什么称《西游记》是世界文学中的一部杰作？

（5）whyishenoveljourneyohewesaprominenoneinheworldlieraure？

（6）你对吴承恩的人生有何感悟？你从吴承恩的人生中能学到些什么？（或：论吴承恩的人生）

（6）whadoyouhinkofwucheng’en’slife？whacanyoulearnfromwucheng’en’s？(or：onwucheng’en’slife)

（7）《西游记》的显着艺术成就是什么？最突出的是什么？（或：《西游记》的艺术成就探讨）

（7）whaareheprominenarisicachievemensofhenoveljourneyohewes？wha’shemosousandingone？(or：sudiesonhearisicachievemensofjourneyohewes)

（8）《西游记》的艺术结构如何？

（8）howishearisicsrucureofjourneyohewes？

（9）《西游记》中丰富多彩的人物有些什么特点？

（9）whaarehemaincharacerisicsofherichandcolorfulcharacersinjourneyohewes？

（10）《西游记》轻松愉快风格的主要特点是什么？

（10）whaarehemajorcharacerisicsofhepleasanandlighhearedsyleofjourneyohewes？

（11）《西游记》的主题思想是什么？（或：论《西游记》的主题思想）

（11）whaishemainhemeofjourneyohewes？(or：onhemainhemeofjourneyohewes)

（12）陈玄奘是如何和为什么能从全国各地推荐来的众多圣僧中被选拔出来做水陆大会的？

（12）howandwhywaschenxuanzangchosenfromamongmanyholyandvenerablemonksrecommendedbyhelocalofficialseverywherefromalloverheangempire？

（13）陈玄奘如何能“千经万典，无所不通”？他如何能“佛号仙音，无般不会”？他如何能从出生以来就吃素受戒？他为什么“一心不受荣华”？

（13）howcouldchenxuanzang“knowhehousandsurasandenhousandholybooks”？howcouldhe“singeverybuddhischanandknowallhereligiousmusic”？howcouldheeavegearianfoodandobserveheprohibiionseversincehisbirh？whydidhe“havenoineresinhonorandglory”？

（14）为什么陈玄奘愿意领唐王旨意，上西天拜佛取经？

（14）whywaschenxuanzangwillingoaccepheangemperor’scommissionogoohewesernheavenovisihebuddhaandfechheures？

（15）为什么各种妖魔鬼怪都想吃唐僧肉？

（15）whywouldallkindsofmonsersanddemonslikeoeasomeofhefleshofheangpries？

（16）你想从玄奘那里学些什么？为什么？（或：唐僧精神生命的精髓探究）

（16）whawouldyoulikeolearnfromxuanzang？why？(or：exploraionsinheessenialsofheangpries’smorallife)

（17）石猴是如何成为“千岁大王”的？孙悟空是如何学会地煞数七十二般变化和筋斗云的？为什么他会被师父逐回他来的地方？

（17）howwashesonemonkeymadehe“greakingofahousandyears”？howcouldsunwukonglearnhesevenywoearhlyransformaionsandhesomersaulcloud？whywashedrivenbackbyhismaserowherehehadcomefrom？

（18）为什么孙悟空要大闹天宫？结果如何？

（18）whydidsunwukongwreckheheavenlypace？howabouheresuls？

（19）什么原因使孙悟空改变了他的人生态度？

（19）whaarehecauseshamadesunwukongchangehisaiudeowardslife？

（20）西天取经路上，孙悟空学到了什么？什么是孙悟空成熟和老于世故的典型？

（20）whahassunwukonglearnedonhewayohewesernheavenofechheures？

wha’sheypicalofmonkey’sworldlywisdomandmauriy？

（21）什么是孙悟空的本性？他的本性曾有过改变吗？为什么？

（21）wha’ssunwukong’snaure？hasheeverchangedhisnaure？why？

（22）孙悟空的人生如何反映了《西游记》的深层次主题？

（22）howdoessunwukong’slifereflechedeepmainhemeofjourneyohewes？

（23）猪八戒的优、缺点是什么？为什么可以说他是《西游记》中最具亲和力的一个人物？

（23）whaarezhubajie’ssrongandweakpoins？whymayibesaidhahe’shemoslovablecharacerinhenoveljourneyohewes？

（24）你对猪八戒的人生有何感悟？你打算如何度过自己的人生？

（24）whadoyouhinkofzhubajie’slife？howareyougoingospendyourlife？

（25）你对沙和尚的人生有何感悟？你打算向沙僧学些什么？

（25）whadoyouhinkoffriarsand’slife？whaareyougoingolearnfromfriarsand？

（26）为什么说唐太宗是《西游记》中的关键人物？既然唐王太宗和唐僧玄奘既是我国历史上的两位真实名人，又是《西游记》中两个重要的人物，那么真实的名人和人物间有什么联系和区别呢？

（26）whyisisaidhaheangemperoraizongisakeycharacerinjourneyohewes？whaarehereionshipanddifferencebeweenheruemenandhecharacersinhenovelsincebohheangemperoraizongandheangpriesxuanzangarenoonlyworuefamousmeninhehisoryofourcounrybualsowoimporanficionalizedcharacersinhenoveljourneyohewes？

（27）你对唐太宗的人生有何感悟？你打算向唐太宗学些什么？

（27）whadoyouhinkofheangemperoraizong’slife？whaareyougoingolearnfromhim？

（28）你同意“人的生命是由物质（肉体）生命和精神（灵魂）生命组成”的说法吗？为什么？（或：论人的生命）

（28）doyouagreeohaone’slifeismadeupofphysical(body)lifeandmoral(spiri)life？

why？(or：onman’slife)