孙悟空被唐僧从两界山下的石匣中救出后，变成了唐僧的徒弟，保护唐僧西天取经。

为救唐僧，悟空打死了六个强贼。唐僧批评悟空：“只因你没收没管，暴横人间，欺天诳上，才受这五百年前之难。今既入了沙门，若是还象当时行凶，一味伤生，去不得西天，做不得和尚！忒恶！忒恶！”原来这猴子一生受不得人气，他见三藏只管绪绪叨叨，按不住心头火发道：“你既是这等，说我做不得和尚，上不得西天，不必恁般绪口舌恶我，我回去便了。”悟空一气之下，将身一纵，说声“老孙去也！”回东而去。观音给唐僧一领绵布直裰和一顶嵌金花帽，叫唐僧把那衣帽给悟空穿戴，同时教唐僧一篇咒儿，唤做定心真言，又名做紧箍儿咒。观音在途中遇着悟空并问道：“你怎么不受教诲，不保唐僧？”慌得个行者在云端里施礼道：“向蒙菩萨善言，果有唐朝僧到，揭了压帖，救了我命，跟他做了徒弟。他却怪我凶顽，我才闪了他一闪，如今就去保他也。”菩萨道：“赶早去，莫错过了念头。”悟空回到唐僧身边。唐僧哄悟空道：“这帽子若戴了，不用教经，就会念经；这衣服若穿了，不用演礼，就会行礼。”行者道：“好师父，把与我穿戴了罢。”三藏见悟空戴上帽子，就默默地念那紧箍儿咒一遍，行者叫道：“头痛！头痛！”那师父不住地又念了几遍，行者“痛得竖蜻蜓，翻筋斗，耳红面赤，眼胀身麻”。三藏问道：“你今番可听我教诲了？”行者道：“听教了！”“你再可无礼了？”行者道：“不敢了！”他口里虽然答应，心上还怀不善，把那针儿幌一幌，碗来粗细，望唐僧就欲下手，慌得长老口中又念了两三遍，这猴子跌倒在地，丢了铁棒，不能举手，只教“师父！我晓得了！再莫念！再莫念！”

三藏道：“你怎么欺心，就敢打我？”行者道：“我绝不敢打。”从此，孙悟空被控制住了，被他对师父的忠心和极度头痛的威胁控制住了。他被迫改变自己的雄心壮志，入了佛门，遵守种种道德规范。西天取经路上，他学会了适应环境，学会了人情世故，学到了很多关于人间、天上和恶魔三界的知识。这类知识结果发挥了至少与他神力、神速、多变的魔力一样重要的作用。孙悟空自己高超的本领使他能战无不胜，但正是他的这类专门知识使他知道要找的人，知道或能找出每个人的背景，并能打败那些妖魔。有了这类知识和大闹天宫反叛者的声望以及他现在保护唐僧取经这种地位，他能向任何有能力制服阻拦道路的一切妖魔的“神、仙、佛”寻求帮助而获得通过。凭着最后手段，不是孙悟空，而是孙悟空知道谁能给他最强大的力量去制服妖魔。这就是孙悟空成熟和老于世故的典型。

sunwukongwassavedfrominsidehesoneboxunderhedoubleboundarymounainbyheangpriesandbecamehisdiscipleandproecedhimonhewayohewesernparadiseofechheure

inorderosaveheangpriesfrombeingkilled，wukongkilledsixofhebandisheangpriescriicizedwukong，“iwaspreciselybecauseyouacedwihsuchyra

icalcruelyamongmoralsandcommiedhemosdesperaecrimesagainsheavenhayougoinoroublefivehundredyearsagobunowyouhaveeneredhefaih，you’llneverreachhewesernheavenandneverbecomeamonkifyoudon’giveupyouraseformurderyou’reooevil，ooevil”wukong，whohadneverlehimselfbepuupon，fredupasanzang’sendlessnagging“ifyousayhai’llneverbecomeamonkandwon’everreachhewesernheaven，hensopgoingonamelikehai’mgoingbackwukongleapupinafury，shouing“i’moff”hewenbackoheeasguanyingavesanzanganembroideredunicandahainsewihgoldenpaernsandaskedhimogivehemowukongowearahesameimesheaughheangpriesaspellcalledruewordsocalmhemindorhebandigheningspellguanyinmewukongonhiswayandaskedhim，“whydidyourejecheangpries’seachingandsopproecinghim？”brohermonkeyfranicallybowedoherfromhiscloudandreplied，“asyouhadprediced，bodhisava，amonkcamefromheangempirewhoookoffheseal，rescuedme，andmademehisdiscipleiranawayfromhimbecausehehoughiwaswickedandincorrigible，bunowi’mgoingbackoproechim”“hurryuphen，”saidhebodhisava，“anddon’haveanymorewickedhoughs”wukongreurnedoheangpries，whofooledwukongbysaying，“wihhahaonyoucanrecieureswihoueverhavingbeenaughhem，andifyouwearhaunicyoucanperformheriualswihouanypracice”“dearmaser，pleaselemewearhem，”monkeypleadedassoonasmonkeyhadhehaon，sanzangsilenlyreciedhebandigheningspell，“myheadaches，myheadaches，”criedbrohermonkey，buhismaserwenonandreciedhespellseveralimesmorehepainwassobadhisimehamonkeysoodonhishead，urnedsomersauls，andwenredinhefaceandearshiseyeswerepoppingandhisbodywennumb“willyouaccepmyinsrucionnow？”sanzangasked“yes，”monkeyreplied“willyoumisbehaveagaininfuure？”“icerainlywon’，”saidmonkeyalhoughhehadmadehisverbalpromise，hewassillnururingevilhoughs，andheshookhisneedleinhewindilliwasashickasaricebowl

heurnedonheangpries，andwasonhepoinoffinishinghimoffwhenheerrifiedsanzangreciedhespellwoorhreemoreimeshemonkeydroppedhiscudgelandfelloheground，unableoraisehisarm，“maser，”heshoued，“i’veseenhelighsopsayinghespell，pleasesop”“howcouldyouhaveheperfidyoryokillme？”askedsanzang“i’dneverhavedared，”saidbrohermonkeyfromhenonsunwukongwasconrolledbohbyhisloyalyohismaserandbyhehreaofexcruciaingheadacheshewasforcedochangehisgreaambiions，oenerhebuddha’sreligion，ocomplywihallkindsofehicsonhewayohewesernheavenofechheurehelearnhowoadaphimselfohisnewsurroundingsandalsolearnhewaysofheworldhelearnaloofknowledgeabouhewaysofhehuman，heheavenlyandhedemonicworldsiwasjushiskindofknowledgehabroughinopyanoherofhisalenshaurnedouobealeasasimporanashissrengh，speedandpowerofransformaionmonkey’sownfighingprowessmadehimallbuinvincible，buiwashisexperiseinknowingherighpeople，andinknowingorfindingouwhaeverybody’sbackgroundwas，haenabledhimobeahemonserswihhaknowledge，hisoldpresigeasaheavensmashingrebelandhispresensausasheangpries’sescormonkeycouldgepasheunderlingswhowouldblockanyoneelse’saccessandaskforhelpfromwhoeverhashepowerosubduehemonserinquesioninhesresoriwasnowhamonkeycoulddobuwhoheknewhacouldgivehimmospowerhiswasypicalofmonkey’sworldlywisdomandmauriy

常言道，江山易改，本性难移。尽管如来能“将五指山化作金木水火土五座联山，唤名五行山”，把孙悟空压在下面，又通过观音菩萨劝孙悟空“秉教伽持，入我佛门，再修正果”，教唐僧紧箍儿咒控制孙悟空，从而改变了孙悟空的人生并使他改变人生态度。但孙悟空的本性确实难移。他一点儿都没有丧失斗战精神，一如继往，敢于斗争，敢于胜利，在取经途中“炼魔降怪有功”，赢得了“斗战胜佛”的高位。他仍有反抗精神，蔑视权威，无视礼法，见了玉帝只唱个喏，“玉帝道：‘那孙悟空过来，今宣你做个齐天大圣，官品极矣，但切不可胡为。’这猴亦止朝上唱个喏，道声谢恩。”见了如来也直呼其名，甚至跪在宝莲台下，悟空还闻言笑道：“如来，若这般比论，你还是妖精的外甥哩。”当阿傩、伽叶两尊者向唐僧、悟空等索要人事不成，同谋作弊，故意将无字的白纸本儿教他们拿去时，孙悟空嚷道：“快回去告在如来之前，问他们罥财作弊之罪。”孙悟空始终追求平等自由，即使在他被加升大职正果为“斗战胜佛”后，仍对唐僧道：“师父，此时我已成佛，与你一般，莫成还戴紧箍儿，你还念甚么《紧箍咒》儿罥勒我？趁早儿念个松箍儿咒，脱下来，打得粉碎，切莫叫那甚么菩萨再去捉弄他人。”孙悟空对师父或其他任何人的忠心都不会达到拍马屁的程度。悟空总是个乐天派，“是人间之喜仙”。他坦率、急躁、虚荣、自负、专横，依然故我，本性难移。天生圣人的特性根本没变！

ashesayinggoes，riversandmounainsmaybechangedbui’shardoaleraman’snaureiwasindeedveryhardoalersunwukong’snaurealhoughhelordbuddhacouldurnhisfivefingersinoamounainchainbelongingoheelemensmeal，wood，waer，fireandearh，renamedhemhefiveelemensmounainandpressedmonkeydownandoldhebodhisavaguanyinopersuademonkeyo“observeandupholdhefaih，enerourbuddha’sreligion，andculivaegoodreribuionforyourselfinhefuure”，oeachheangprieshebandigheningspelloconrolmonkeyandconsequenlychangedmonkey’slifeandmadehimchangehisaiudeowardshislifehedidnoaalllosehisfighingspiri，daringinhissrugglesandvicories，jusasbeforehewasrewardedwihhighofficeashevicoriousfighingbuddha，forhewonglorybydefeaingmonsersanddemonsalonghejourneychargedwiharebelliousspiri，heshowedconempforheauhoriyanddisregardedforallrulesofeiqueewhenhesawhejadeemperor，hejuschaneda“naaaw”“hejadeemperorsaid，‘lesunwukongcomeforwardwedonowprocimyougreasageequallingheavenyourrankisnowveryhighleherebenomoremischieffromyou”hemonkeysimplychaned‘naaaw’oexpresshishanksoheemperor”whenhesawheahagaa，healsojuscalledhenameevenwhenheknelahefooofheloushroneandheardwhaheahagaasaid，hecriedwihasmile，“byhalineofargumen，ahagaa，you’reheevilspiri’snephew”whenhewoarhas，anandaandkasyapa，riedoexorhingsfromheangpriesandhisdisciplesandconspiredanddeliberaelylehemakeawaybnkpaperversionswihouasinglewordwrienonhem，sunwukongyelled，“le’sgoback，reporhemoheahagaaandgehemaccusedofexorion”monkeywasallalongseekingforequaliyandfreedomhesillsaidoheangpriesevenhoughhehadbeenrewardedwihhighofficeashevicoriousfighingbuddha，“maser，nowhai’vebecomeabuddhajuslikeyou，surelyidon’haveogoonwearinghisgoldenbanddoyoupnosayanymorebandigheningspelloigheniroundmyhead？sayabandlooseningspellasquicklyasyoucan，akeioff，andsmashiosmihereensdon’lehabohhisavaorwhaeversheismakelifemiserableforanyoneelsewihi”monkey’sloyalydidnoexendooadying，wheherohismaseroroanyoneelsewukongwasalwaysopimisichewas“oneofhehappyimmoralsinhehumanworld”inhisfrankspeakingandimpaience，vainglory，pomposiyandyra

icalgovernmenhewashesamemonkeyasalways，veryhardoalerhisnaurehe’sreallyaheavenlyborngreasagewhosenaurecanneverbechanged！

孙悟空在保护唐僧西天取经的过程中，与他师父一起经历了千难万险，经受住了各种考验和磨难。但他们能勇敢地面对一系列危险并战胜了很多妖魔鬼怪。在去西天的路上，不管是在山上或林中，在村里或镇上，都充满了危险。各种恶魔都试图阻挡他们的去路，甚至到想极力杀害并吃掉唐僧的程度。这些可怕的敌对者中，有些公开敌对，有些进行狡猾地伪装，有些对一些王国行使魔力或伪装成官员履行其合法的职责。孙悟空在每次与妖怪的战斗中都起了中心的作用，不仅与他们面对面地争斗，还要帮助他的团队克服内部引起的障碍和制约。为了他师父，他使碎六叶连肝肺，用尽三毛七孔心。他常说：“岂知一日为师，终身为父，父子无隔宿之仇！”“他是个有仁有义的猴王。”

inhecourseofproecingheangpriesohewesernheavenofechheure，sunwukongandhismaserunderwennumerousdifficuliesanddangersandwihsoodallrialsandribuionsbuheybravedaseriesofdangersanddefeaeddevilsandmonsersheroadohewesernparadisewasfraughwihdanger，wheherinmounainsandforessorinvilgesandownsdemonsofalldeionsriedobarheirway，evenoheexenofendeavoringokillandeaxuanzangsomeofheseghoslyopponensappearedopenlyhosile，whileoherswerecu

inglydisguised；somewieldedpoweroverkingdomsorfeignedobeofficialscarryingouheirwfulduiesmonkeypyedacenralroleineverybalewihhemonsers，noonlyconendingwihhemfaceoface，bualsohelpinghiscompanionsovercomeheobsaclesandresrainshaoriginaedwihinhemselvesforhismaserhe’dwearouhesixbdesofhislungsandliverandhehreehairsandsevenaperuresofhishearheofensaid“hawhenamanhasbeenyoureacherforasingleday，youshouldreahimasyourfaherforheresofhislife，andhafaherandsonshouldneverlehesunseonaquarrel”“he’sagoodandhonorablemonkeyking”

从孙悟空对天竺国王所奏：“父天母地，石裂吾生，曾拜至人，学成大道。下海降龙，登山擒兽。消死名，上生籍，官拜齐天大圣。只因乱却蟠桃宴，大反天宫，被佛擒伏。困压在五行山下，饥餐铁弹，渴饮铜汁，五百年未尝茶饭。幸我师出东土，拜西方，观音教令脱天灾，离大难，皈正在瑜伽门下。”可见孙悟空是天地之子，是天子——人们称他们的皇帝为“天子”，也即是说，《西游记》中的头号主人公孙悟空是作者心目中的皇帝；他生于石头，表示他来自大自然，与社会没有关联，因此，他没有恋情和恐惧。他闯龙宫，扰地府，闹天宫，追求自由，勇敢无畏，不怕天，不怕地，浑身是胆。在他眼里，玉帝是个激不起愤怒的懦夫，老君是个吝啬的马屁精，天上的文武百官都是媚上欺下的无用笨蛋。天宫中严格的等级制度和令人窒息的礼仪，孙悟空视为荒谬可笑。幽默而精灵的孙悟空能从闪亮的眼里看透数千年来已僵化的传统核心。他的洞察力来自他直接而自然的孩子气心灵和抓住了万物的因果关系。大闹天宫有些政治和宗教方面的因素，但中心意思是直接嘲笑和鄙视吴承恩所处的时代当局和社会秩序，并揭示人的自然纯洁的童心。他疾恶如仇，富有正义感，有顽强的斗争精神，即使对佛和尊者，他也一视同仁，例如，“行者嚷道：‘如来，我们师徒受了万蛰千魔，千辛万苦，自东土拜到此处，蒙如来吩咐传经，被阿傩、伽叶罥财不遂，通同作弊，故意将无字的白纸本儿教我们拿去，我们拿他去何用！望如来敕治！”，在去西天的路上，他一路降妖除魔，战斗不息，没有他的保护，唐僧根本就到不了西天，更无法取到真经。同时，他专秉忠良之心，与人抱不平之事，济困扶危，恤孤念寡，除暴安良，为沿途国家和黎民造福，如“车迟国猴王显法救出五百囚僧”，“孙行者朱紫国行医”，“比丘孙大圣施威救出一千一百一十一个小儿”，“凤仙郡冒天止雨孙大圣劝善施霖”等等。从这个意义上说，《西游记》是孙悟空的《西游记》。他光明正大、英勇无畏。他象征正义和光明，而妖魔象征邪恶和黑暗。最终，正义总是能战胜邪恶，光明总是能战胜黑暗。孙悟空是一个被理想化的民族英雄，在他身上体现出明代中后期追求个性自由的文化精神，表现出时代对英雄的呼唤。他的人生反映出《西游记》的深层次主题。

fromwhasunwukongreporedohekingofindia“myfaherwasheaven，mymoherearh，andiwasbornwhenarockspliopen

iookasmymaseraaoisadep，andmaseredhegreaway

inheocean’sdephsisubduedhedragons，henclimbedhemounainsocapurewildbeass

iremovedusfromheregisersofdeah，puusonherollsofheliving，andwasappoinedgreasageequallingheaven

bubecauseidisrupedhepeachbanque，andraisedarebellioninhepacesofheaven，iwascapuredbyhelordbuddhaandimprisonedunderhefiveelemensmounain

whenhungryiwasfedonpellesofiron，whenhirsyidrankmolencopper：

forfivehundredyearsiasednofoodorea

forunaelymymasercamefromheeasoworshipinhewes

guanyinoldhimodelivermefromheavenlydisaser

iwasrescuedfrommyormenobeconveredoheyogacarinsec”

wecanseemonkeyishesonofheavenandearh，hesonofheaven—peoplecallheiremperorhesonofheaven，iemonkey，heno1heroinjourneyohewes，isheemperorinhewrier’smind

he“wasbornwhenarockspliopen”，signifyinghahespringsfromnaure，andhasnoco

ecionwihsociey，andhushasnoaachmensorfearshebreaksinohedragons’paces，sirsuphadesandcreaeshavocinheavenheisbraveandfearlessinpursuioffreedomandhehashegusodoeveryhingindefianceofanyinfluencesinmonkey’seyes，hejadeemperorisacowardwhoca

oberousedoanger，lordoziisamiserlysycophan，andhesruingofficialsinheaven，bohcivilandmiliary，whocringebeforeheirsuperiorsandbullyheirinferiors，areuselessblockheadshesrichierarchyofranksandhesiflingproocolinheheavenlypace，monkeyreasasludicroushehumorousandknowingwinkleinmonkey’seyesisableoperaeohecoreofaradiionwhichhascongealedoverhousandsofyearshispowerofinsighcomesfromhissraighforwardandnauralboyishhear，andhisgraspofhereasonsforhingsheremaybeanumberofpoliicalandreligiousaspecsohehavocinheavenepisode，buismainideaismockeryandscorndirecedaheauhoriiesandorderofhesocieyofwucheng’en’sime，andorevealman’snaurallypureandchildlikehearheispossessedofheharedforhewickedandevil，asenseofjusiceandasaunchfighingspiriheacsfairlyoall，evenobuddhasandarhas，forinsance，“monkeyyelled：‘ahagaa，ourmaserandheresofushavehadopuupwihendlessmonsers，demons，roublesandhardshipsogeherefromheeasoworshipyouyougaveheordersforheuresobehandedover，buanandaandkasyapadidn’dosobecauseheywereryingoexorhingsfromusheyconspiredanddeliberaelyleusakeawaybnkpaperversionswihouasinglewordwrienonhembuwha’shepoininakinghose？ibegyouohavehempunished，ahagaa’”monkeyfighsincessanlyandsubduesallmonsersanddemonsonhejourneyohewesernheavenwihouhisproecioniwouldbeimpossibleaallforxuanzangoreachhewesernheavenandfechheruebuddhissurasahesameimehehasagoodandloyalhear，righsandwrongs，saveshoseindisress，helpswidowsandorphans，eliminaesheevilandgivespeaceohegoodpeople，doesgooddeedsobenefiallpeopleandsaesalonghewayohewes，eg“inhekingdomofarrycarhemonkeykingshowshispowersosavefivehundredcapivebuddhismonks”“brohermonkeyinhischariyoffersobeadocorinhendofpurpuria”“inbhiksundhegreasagesunsaves1，111lileboysbyusinghismighypowers”“whenheavenisoffendedinfengxianisopsherainhegreasageurgesgoodnessandbringsadownpour”，ecfromhispoinofviewjourneyohewesissunwukong’sjourneyohewesheisjusandhonorable，braveandfearlesshesymbolizesjusiceandhebrighwhiledemonsandmonserssymbolizeevilandhedarkas，jusicealwaysriumphsoverevilandhebrighalwaysriumphsoverhedarkmonkeyisidealizedasanaionalheroandhebreahesheculuralspiriinpursuioffreepersonaliyinhemidandemingdynasyaswellashecallofheimesforaherohislifereflecshedeepmainhemeofjourneyohewes