猪八戒：云栈洞悟空收八戒时，猪八戒告诉孙悟空说，他自小生来心性愚拙，贪闲爱懒，根本没有想到学道修仙，只是混沌迷心熬日月。忽然巧遇一真人，劝他回心莫要甘心堕落，有朝大限命终时，八难三途悔不喋。听言意转要修行，闻语心回求妙诀。有缘立地拜为师，指示天关并地阙。得传九转大还丹，工夫昼夜无时辍。功圆行满却飞升，朗然足下彩云生，身轻体健面朝天宫金阙。因他修成大罗仙，能享受长生不死，玉帝设宴会群仙，敕封他为天蓬元帅管天河，总管天上水兵，钦赐钉钯为御节。只因王母会蟠桃，开宴瑶池邀众客。

那时他酒醉意昏沉，逞英雄撞入广寒宫。见她容貌挟人魂，旧时凡心难得灭。全无上下失尊卑，扯住嫦娥要陪歇。纠察灵官奏玉帝，那日他当命运拙，却被诸神拿住了。押赴灵霄见玉帝，依律问成该处决。多亏太白李金星，出班俯囟亲言说。改刑重责二千锤，肉绽皮开骨将折。放生遭贬出天关，所以他被贬下凡尘。一灵真性，竟来夺舍投胎，不期错了道路，投在个母猪胎里，变成了嘴脸像个野猪模样。他咬杀了母猪，打杀了其他大大小小所有的猪，占了他们的山场。他以相为姓，唤名猪刚鬣。他就住在那福陵山云栈洞里。那洞原住有个卵二姐，她见他有些武艺，招做了家长，又唤做倒插门。不上一年，她死了，将一洞的家当，尽归他受用。在此日久年深，没有赡身的勾当，只得依旧如前靠吃人维持生存，直到高庄情喜婚姻结。后来观音菩萨劝善，受了戒行，持斋把素，教他跟随那取经人往西天拜佛求经，将功折罪，还得正果。所以他一听悟空说“我在保护三藏法师往西天拜佛求经”时就问“那取经人在哪里？”并求悟空“累烦你引见引见”。当他被介绍给三藏时，他双膝跪下，叩头高叫“师父！”然后把菩萨劝善的事细陈了一遍。“师父，”他说，“我是菩萨已与我摩顶受戒，起了法名，叫做猪悟能也。我受了菩萨戒行，断了五荤三厌，在我丈人家持斋把素，更不曾动荤。今日见了师父，我开了斋罢。”三藏道：“不可！不可！你既是不吃五荤三厌，我再与你起个别名，唤为八戒。”因此又叫猪八戒。

pig：whenwukongwonoverbajieinhecloudpahwaycave，zhubajieoldsunwukong：hewasbornsupid，anidlerandasckerhenevernourishedhisnaureorculivaedheruh，buspenhisimeinprimalignorancehenhehappenedomeearueimmoral，whoadvisedhimoreformandnoosinkamongmorals，forakinglifewasaheinoussinoneday，whenhislifecameoanend，iwouldbeooeoregrehepunishmensinsorehiswordsmovedhimoseekreform，andhishearlongedformiraculousspellshewasluckyenoughohavehimashiseacher；heshowedhimhegaesofheavenandearhheaughhimheninechangesandhegreareurnofci

abar，asheyworkedbynighanddaywihneverabreakwhenheirworkwasdone，hecouldflycolouredcloudsgrewbeneahhisfee，ashefacedheavenlypacegaeswihabodylighandsrongashehadbecomeagreaimmoral，henowenjoyedeernallife

hejadeemperorgaveabanqueforallheimmorals，hewasmademarshalianpenginchargeofhemilkyway，commandingallhesailorsonhariverinheskyhejadeemperorbesowedhesupremelypreciousrakeonhimomarkhisimperialofficewhenhequeenmohergaveapeachbanque，sheinviedmanyguessohejadepoolasdrunke

esscloudedhismindhaday，andhechargedindrunkenprideinohecoolbroadpaceahesighofherbeauyhissoulwascapivaed，andhecouldnorepresshimmoralpassionsofoldlosingallsenseofrankanddigniy，heseizedhebeauyandaskedherosleepwihhimhemiraculousinspecingofficerreporedohejadeemperor，andfromhadayhewasdoomed

henhewasarresedbyhegodshewasmarchedohehallofmiraculousmisoseehejadeemperor，and，aferquesioning，senencedodeahluckilyhegreawhiepseppedforward，bowedlow，andinercededhissenencewascommuedowohousandsrokesofheheavyrod，whichorehisfleshandallbusmashedhisboneshewasreleasedaliveandexpelledfromheaven，sohewasexiledohemoralworldhisspirihadofindawombooccupy，buheloshiswayandeneredhewombofasownaurally，hehasafacelikeawildboarheaeuphissowmoher，droveallheoherpigsaway，andseizedheirmounainheookhisnamefromhislooksandwascalledzhuganglie，ironhairedpighejuslivedinhecloudpahwaycaveonhemounofblessingsecondsiserluan，whousedolivehere，sawhaheknewhowofighandaskedhimobeheheadofherhouseholdasherhusband，bushediedwihinayearandallherproperybecamehisashedayslenghenedinoyearshefoundhahehadnowayofsupporinghimself，sohehadoeapeopleokeephimselfgoingashehaddonebefore，unilhefellinloveandmarriedingaovilgehenhebodhisavaguanyinconveredhimandoldhimoobeyhemonasicrulesandeavegearianfoodillhecouldgowihhapilgrim，heonewho’sgoingohewesernheavenoworshiphebuddhaandaskforheureshewouldbeableomakeupforhissinshroughhisgooddeed，andwinagoodrewardha’swhyheaskedwukong“where’shispilgrim？”andbegged“pleaseakemeomeehim”assoonasheheardwukongsay“i’mproecinghepariarchsanzangonhisjourneyohewesernheavenovisihebuddhaandaskforheureswhenhewasinroducedosanzang，hefellohisknees，kowowedosanzangandshoued，“maser！”henheoldsanzangallabouhowhehadbeenconveredbyhebodhisava“maser！”hesaid，“whenhebodhisavaidherhandsuponmyheadandoldmeoobeyheprohibiions，shegavemeabuddhisname—zhuwuneng，pigawakenedopower

ihavebeeninsrucedbyhebodhisavaandinevereahefivesinkingfoodsandhehreeforbiddenmeas—wildgoose，dogandsnakefishi’veeaenvegearianfoodinmyfaherinlow’shouseandneverouchedhesinkingfoods；bunowhaihavemeyou，maser，i’mfreedfromheseresricions”“youareno，”sanzangreplied“youarenooeahefivesinkingfoodsandhehreeforbiddenmeas，andi’mgivingyouanohername：eighprohibiions，orbajie”fromhenonhewasknownaszhubajie，oreighprohibiionspig

尽管猪悟能感蒙观音菩萨劝化，情愿保护唐僧上西方拜佛求经，但他意志不坚定，一遇到困难，就想分行李散伙。他食肠大，贪吃，见到好吃的东西就流口水，为了满足食欲，他甚至不怕出丑。他还好色，见了女人就动心，做了和尚还念念不忘老婆。他对高老喝个喏道：“上复丈母、大姨、二姨并姨夫、姑舅诸亲：我今日去做和尚了，不及面辞，休怪。丈人啊，你还好生看待我浑家，只怕我们取不成经时，好来还俗，照旧与你做女婿过活。”行者喝道：“夯货，却莫胡说！”八戒道：“哥呵，不是胡说，只恐一时间有些儿差池，却不是和尚误了做，老婆误了娶，两下里都耽搁了？”他小心眼、自私、爱贪小便宜，还喜欢搬弄点是非。他是个典型人物，贪吃贪睡、爱虚荣、好嫉妒、自负。不仅生得丑陋，而且一身俗气，能偷懒时就偷懒，必须工作时也能努力，虽说通常都是愚蠢的，但他也知道一点儿诡计，如在渡过冰冻通天河前，他要稻草包着马蹄以防冰滑。孙悟空打妖精，他也是个好帮手。没有猪八戒，孙悟空单丝怎能纺成线，孤掌怎能拍出声？行李马匹，谁照料？

alhoughpigwasconveredbyhebodhisavaguanyinandvoluneeredoproecheangpriesonhisjourneyohewesoworshiphebuddhaandfechheures，hewasweakwilledandwouldchooseodisbandhimselfwheneveranydifficulywouldcropuphewasverygluonouswhereherearegoodiesavaible，hismouhwouldbeginowaerosaisfyhisappeie，hewasnoashamedofbringingdisgraceohimselfhewasalsoverylecheroushewouldburnwihhissexualdesiresahesighofanywoman，andhewassillneverforgefulofhiswifeevenashehadbeenonsuredobecomeamonkhechaneda“naaaw”ofrespecooldgao，andsaid，“pleaseinformmymoherinw，mysisersinw，mybrohersinw，andmyuncleshaihavebecomeamonkoday，andaskhemoexcusemefornosayinggoodbyeoheminpersonfaherinw，lookafermywifewellifwedon’geheures，i’llgobackoylifeandworkforyouasasoninwagain”“moron，”shouedmonkey，“sopalkingnonsense”“i’mdoingnohingofhesor，”pigreplied，“iamhinkinghaifhingsgowrongi’dbewasingmyimeasamonk，andmywife’smarriagewouldhavebeenruined，bohfornohing”narrowmindedandselfish，hewasgivenoprofiingaoher’sexpenseandellingaleshewashearcheypalmanofappeie，greedy，vain，jealousandboasfulzywhenhecouldbe，hewouldalsoworkhardwhenhehadosupidhoughhewasusually，hecouldalsoknowarickorwo，aswhenhewouldiesrawonhehorse’shoovesbeforehecrossingofhefrozenriverhewasalsoagoodhelpomonkeyinhisfighsagainshemonseranddemonswihoupig，howcouldmonkeyspinahreadfromonlyonsrandorcpwihhepalmofasinglehand！？who’dlookaferheluggageorhehorse！？

正如所有人一样，猪八戒也有优点。他最突出的一点就是能吃苦耐劳。他“一路上挑担有力，涉水有功”。尽管他有时抱怨“似这般许多行李，难为老猪一个逐日家担着走，偏你跟师父做徒弟，拿我做长工！”因他挑担有功，加升净坛使者。此外，他在高老庄干农活不惜力气，恰如他对他夫人所说：“我到了你家，虽说吃了些茶饭，却也不曾白吃你的：我也曾替你家扫地通沟，板砖运瓦，筑土打墙，耕田耙地，种麦插秧，创家立业。”他岳父高老也说：“一进门时，倒也勤谨：耕田耙地，不用牛具；收割田禾，不用刀杖。”在荆棘岭，八戒“拽开步，双手使耙，将荆棘左右搂开。”，清理道路八百里。他的另一优点是不怕脏、不怕臭。在乌鸡国御花园八角琉璃井里，他摸到乌鸡国王尸首并驮上地面，背到在肩上，搬到寺里禅堂门前。七绝山稀柿罥的恶臭是多么可怕！真是臭气熏天！又是八戒“干的这场臭功”。他说：“我老猪本来有三十六般变化，若说变山，变树，变石块，变土墩，变赖象、科猪、水牛、骆驼，真个全会。只是身体变得大，肚肠越发大，须是吃得饱了，才好干事。”八戒拱了两日，正在饥饿之际，那许多人何止有七八石饭食，他也不论米饭、面饭，收积来一涝用之，饱餐一顿，却又上前拱路。实际上，西天取经路上的脏活、重活，哪一件不是猪八戒干的？因此有人说他像个农民，是个体力劳动者，吃得做得，总是劳累，所以贪吃贪睡。他与普通劳动大众有着特殊的亲和力。最后，同样重要的是，他向往“二三亩地一头牛，老婆孩子热炕头”的生活，是个行者评说的“恋家鬼”，总是“在家心重”，如他体贴地问妻子：“如今你身上穿的锦，戴的金，四时有花果享用，八节有蔬菜烹煎，你还有那些儿不趁心处？”他自己说：“我是个直肠的痴汉。”在取经路上每当遇到困难说“分了罢”，他都说“老猪往高老庄上盼盼浑家”。怪不得，如今很多女性找男朋友，要找猪八戒型的，说他憨直、纯真，在乎与妻子过日子，知道疼人。因此，可以说他是《西游记》中最具亲和力的一个人物。

juslikeeveryoneelsepigalsohashisownsrongpoinshismosousandingoneishahecouldendurehardshipsandbecapableofhardwork“hehasmadegreaeffors，carryingheloadallalongheway，andbeenveryusefulincrossingrivers”alhoughhesomeimescompinedha“wihallhisluggageocarrydayaferdayofcourseifindhegoingheavywhileyou’reallowedobehemaser’sdisciple，i’mreaedasahiredhand”ashewonmeribycarryingheluggagehewasrewardedwihpromoionashealercleanserbesides，heneversparedhisenergyodohefarmworkahegaovilgejusashesaidohiswife，“imayhaveeaensomefoodanddrunksomeeasincemarryingyou，buihaven’beenidleeiheri’veswepforyourfamilyanddugdiches，i’veshifedbricksandiles，i’vebuilwallsforyou，i’veploughedandweededyourfields，i’vesownyourwhea，andi’veranspnedyourricei’vemadeyourfamily’sforune”hisfaherinwsquiregaoalsosaid，“fromhemomenhebecameamemberofourfamilyheworkedveryhardheploughedandhoedwihouusingoxenorools；andhedidn’needascyheorasickoharveshecrops”bajie“srokeforwardandwieldedherakewohandedoclearheundergrowhfrombohsidesofhepah”ofeighhundredliahehornridgehisanohersrongpoinishahewasnoafraidofdirorsinkhegropedaroundillhefoundheking’sbodyofhewujisae，draggedioverandbroughiupfrominheeighsidedwellwihgzedilesinhepacegardenofhewujisae，andpuiacrosshisshoulderandcarriediohemonaseryandflunghecorpseohegroundrighinfronofhedoorsohemediaionhallwhaahorriblesinkhepuridandoverwhelmingsenchofru

ypersimmonneonmounsevenperfecionswas！i’sreallysinkingoheskies！i’salsobajiewho“wonmeridoinghisfilhyjob”hesaid，“icandohirysixransformaionsifyouaskmeourninoamounain，aree，arock，amoundofearh，anelephan，ahog，awaerbuffalooracamelandicanmanageanyofhemheonlyhingishahebiggerimakemyselfhebiggermybellygesican’dohingsproperlyunlessi’sfull”bajie，whowasonheseconddayofclearinghewaywihhissnou，wasbynowravenouslyhungryhevilgershadbroughmuchmorehansevenoreighhundredweighoffood，whichhescoopedupanddevouredallaonce，nocaringwheheriwasriceorwheawhenhehadeaenhisfillhewenbackoclearhewayindeed，washereanydiryorheavyjobnodonebybajieonhejourneyohewesheavenofechheures？ha’swhyhe’shoughobelikeanuneducaedpeasan，aphysicalbourerhehadoeasomuchbecausehebouredsohardhewasalwayssooilinghahewasgluonousandsleepyhehadaspecialaffiniywihhegreamassofhecommonbourerssbunoleas，hewouldcraveforalifeofselfconenmen，whichismarkedbyafewacresoffield，onewillingoxandhiswifeandchildreninhiscompanyhe’sa“homesickghos”asbrohermonkeyremarkedhishearwasalwaysahome，forinsance，heconsideraelyaskedhiswife，“hesedaysyoudressinbrocadeandhavegoldenpinsinyourhairyouhavefruiandflowersinallfourseason，andvegeablesforhepohroughouheyear

whaareyousillnosaisfiedwih？”hesaid，“iamasraighforward，foolishperson”hewouldalwayssay“dividei，andi’llgobackogaovilgeoseemywife”wheneveranydifficulymighcropuponhejourneyohewesnowondernowadaysmanygirlsandwomenwouldlikeolookforboyfriendsofbajie’sype，sayinghahe’shonesandsraighforward，pureandsincere，akinghislivingwihhiswifeohearandknowingolovedearlyherefore，imaybesaidhahe’shemoslovablecharacerinhenoveljourneyohewes

猪八戒“自小生来心性拙”（凡人），“因我修成大罗仙，为吾养就长生客。罥封元帅号天蓬（水神），钦赐钉钯为御节。”“上天贬我降凡尘，我因有罪错投胎，俗名唤做猪刚鬣（凡人）。”“喜归大教，入吾沙门，保圣僧在路，因汝挑担有功，加升汝职正果，做净坛使者。”（佛）这就是猪八戒的人生。

zhubajie“wasbornsupid”(moral)“asihadbecomeagreaimmoral，inowenjoyedeernallife，andwascommissionedasmarshalianpeng(awaergod)，wihhisrakeomarkmyimperialoffice”“whenheavensenmedownohemoraldus，formysinsiwasrebornfromhewrongwomb，andnowiamknownasironhairedpig”(moral)“aferyourconversionohegreafaihandenryinoourbuddhissec，youguardedheholymonkonhisjourneyasyouwonmeribycarryingheluggageyouwererewardedwihpromoionashealarcleanser”(buddha)hisiszhubajie’slife

沙和尚：在八戒大战流沙河时，沙和尚告诉八戒说，他从小生来神气壮，豪杰人家做模样。皆因学道荡天涯，只为寻师游地旷。因此才得遇真人，引开大道金光亮。三千功满拜天颜，志心朝礼明华向。玉皇大帝便加升，亲口封为卷帘将。往来护驾我当先，出入随朝予在上。只因王母降蟠桃，设宴瑶池邀众将。失手打破玉玻璃，天神个个魂飞丧。玉帝即便怒生嗔，却令掌朝左辅相：卸冠脱甲摘官衔，将身推在杀场上。多亏赤脚大天仙，越班启奏将吾放。饶死回身不典刑，遭贬流沙东岸上。饱时困卧此山中，饿去翻波寻食饷。当木叉引沙僧去见唐僧时，他双膝跪下道：“弟子向蒙菩萨教化，指河为姓，与我起了法名，唤做沙悟净。”三藏见他拜了行者与八戒，分了大小，真像个和尚家风，故又叫他做沙和尚。

friarsand：whenpigfoughagreabaleinheflowingsandsriver，friarsandoldbajie：he’shadadivineessencesincechildhoodandbraveknighshaveakenhimasheirmodelosudyhewayhewenoheedgeofheheavens，andheroamedhewasesinsearchofeachersheimmoralhefinallymanagedofindledhimalonghegreaandshiningwaywihhreehousandaccomplishmenswon，hebowedoheheavenlycounenance；piouslyheworshippedhiminhisgloryhegreajadeemperorhenpromoedhimobehegeneralwholifshecurainheledheescorforheemperor’scarriage，alwaysookprecedencewhenheeneredorlefcourbuhenhequeenmohergaheredhepeachesandinviedallhegeneralsofeasahejadepoolhecarelesslysmashedsomejadeandcrysal，ohehorrorofallofheheavenlygodshejadeemperorinhiserriblefurypuhishandsogeherandfumedohevicepremierhishaandarmourwereremoved，andhewassrippedofofficehenmarchedohepceofexecuionhenohisgoodforune，hegreabarefooimmoralseppedforwardoaskforhisreprievedeahwascommued；hewasallowedoliveinexileonheeasbankofheflowingsandsriverwhenwellfedheslepinheriverwaers；whenhungryheburshroughhewavesinsearchoffoodwhenmoksapresenedhimoheangpries，heknelandsaid，“iwasconveredbyhebohhisavaandshegavemehisriver’snameasasurnameandcalledmebyhebuddhisnameofshawujing，orsandawakenedopuriy”sanzangsawhimbowomonkeyandpigwihappropriaedegreesofreverencejuslikearealmonkhegavehimanohername—friarsand

沙和尚加入取经团队后，任劳任怨、勤勤恳恳。他被分派服侍师父，“刷罥马匹，套起鞍辔”，“伏侍师父上马”，看管行李等杂役。他体谅猪八戒的辛苦，有时与八戒轮流挑担子。他意志坚定，一心保护唐僧，对师父百依百顺，从没受过师父批评。他从没说过散伙的话，虔心遵守佛门戒律。他对悟空很尊重，悟空也对他说：“贤弟，你是个好人。”他心地善良，处处为他人着想，他常常从中调和，团结所有同伴。相比较而言，他是个最没个性的人物，是个十足的配角。无论在天庭，还是在取经路上，沙僧干的都是同一种工作——做侍卫。他没有悟空或悟能那样神通广大的超人本领，但他确有做侍卫最重要的品质——无限忠诚，绝对服从。他是取经团队中最平凡的一员，但却和其他团队成员一样重要。他的重要性出自于他的平凡性。所以，他“诚敬迦持、保护圣僧，登山牵马有功，加升大职正果，为金身罗汉”。

aferfriarsandbecameoneofhecompanions，hedevoedhimselfohisduywholehearedlyandwihoucompinhewasalwaysdiligenandconscieniousinservinghecompanionshewasassignedowaiuponhemaser，“brushhehorse，saddleandharnessi”，“helphemasermoun”，lookaferheluggageorhehorseandcarryonsomeohermiscelneousaffairsbuheshowedhisundersandingandsympahyforpig’sboriouswork，someimesheandpigookiinurnocarryheluggagesrongwilled，heguardedheangprieshearandsoulhelisenedohismaseranddidanyhinghismaserwishedha’swhyhewasnevercriicizedbyhismaserheneversaid“dividingi”or“spliingi”andpiouslyobservedbuddhismonasicdisciplineherespecedmonkeyverymuchandwukongalsosaidohim：“youareagoodman，mybroher”hewasverykind，andalwayshinkingofohersheofenacedasamediaoranduniedallhecompanionshehad，comparaivelyspeaking，noheleascharacer，anouandousupporingacornomaerwheherinheheavenlypaceoronhejourneyofechheures，friarsanddidhesamekindofjob—beingabodyguardhedidnopossessaspowerfulhesuperhumanabiliiesasmonkeyorpighadbuhereallyhadhemosimporanqualiies—hisabsoluedevoionoandunquesioningsubmissionowhomhewasguardingasabodyguardshouldhewashemosordinaryoneofhecompanionsbuhewasasessenialohejourneyasheohershisimporancegrewouofhiscommo

essconsequenly，he“wonmeribyproecingheholymonkandleadinghehorseuphemounain”he“waselevaedohighofficeashegoldenarha”

，