inhemeanimehegreaimpeusgivenohesudyofradioaciviyabroadledoarapidsuccessionofnewdiscoveriesmanyscienissengagedinhesearchforoherradioelemens,usinghenewmehodofchemicalanalysis,wihheaidofradiaion,hawehadinauguraedhuswerefoundhemesohoriumnowusedbyphysiciansandmanufacuredindusrially,radiohorium,ionium,prooacinium,radiolead,andohersubsancesapresenweknow,inall,abouhiryradioelemens(amongwhichhreearegases,oremanaions),buamonghemallradiumsillpyshemosimporanpar,becauseofhegreainensiyofisradiaion,whichdiminishesonlyexremelyslowlyduringhecourseofyears

heyearwasespeciallyimporaninhedevelopmenofhenewscienceinhisyearheinvesigaionofradium,henewchemicalelemen,wasachieved,andpierrecuriedemonsraedheasonishingdischargeofheabyhiselemen,whichneverhelessremainedunaleredinappearanceinengnd,ramsayandsoddya

ouncedagreadiscoveryheyprovedharadiumconinuallyproducesheliumgasandundercondiionshaforceoobelieveinanaomicransformaionif,indeed,radiumsalheaedoismelingpoinisconfinedforsomeimeinasealedgssube,enirelyempiedofair,onecan,inreheaingi,makeihrowoffasmallquaniyofhelium,easyomeasureandorecognizefromhecharacerofisspecrumhisfundamenalexperimenhasreceivednumerousconfirmaionsifurnishedushefirsexampleofaransformaionofaoms,independen,iisrue,ofourwill,buahesameimeireducesonohingheheoryofheabsoluefixiyofheaomicedifice

allhesefacs,alongwihohersformerlyknown,weremadeheobjecofasynhesisofhehighesvalue,inaworkbyeruherfordandfsoddy,whoproposedaheoryofradioaciveransformaions,odayuniversallyadopedaccordingohisheory,eachradioelemen,evenwheniappearsunchanged,isundergoingasponaneousransformaion,andhemorerapidheransformaion,hemoreinenseisheradiaion

aradioaciveaomcanransformiselfinwoways:icanexpelfromiselfanaomofhelium,which,hrownoffaanenormousspeedandwihaposiivecharge,consiuesanalpharayor,insead,icandeachfromissrucureamuchsmallerfragmen,oneofhoseelecronsowhichwehavebecomeaccusomedinmodernphysics,andwhosemass,imessmallerhanhaofanaomofhydrogenwhenisspeedismoderae,growsexcessivelywhenisspeedapproacheshaoflighheseelecrons,whichcarryanegaivecharge,formhebearayswhaeverhedeachedfragmen,heresidualaomnolongerresemblesheprimiiveaomhuswhenheaomofradiumhasexpelledanaomofhelium,heresidueisanaomofgnseousemanaionhisresiduechangesinisurn,andheprocessisnoarresedunilheaainmenofasresiduewhichissableanddoesnogiveoffanyradiaionhissablemaerisinacivemaer

hushealphaandbearaysresulfromhefragmenaionofaomsgammaraysarearadiaionanalogousoligh,whichaccompanieshecaaclysmofheaomicransformaionheyareveryperaing,andareheonesmosusedinheherapeuicmehodssofardeveloped

wecanseeinallhisharadioelemensformfamilies,inwhicheachmemberderivesfromaprecedingmemberbydirecdescenheprimaryelemensbeinguraniumandhoriumwecaninparicurproveharadiumisadescendanofuranium,andhapoloniumisadescendanofradiumsinceeachradioelemen,ahesameimehaiisformedbyhemohersubsance,desroysiself,ica

oaccumueinhepresenceofhismohersubsancebeyondadeerminedproporion,whichexpinswhyhereionbeweenradiumanduraniumremainsconsaninheveryancienunaleredminerals

hesponaneousdesrucionofradioelemensakespceaccordingoafundamenalw,calledheexponenialw,accordingowhichhequaniyofeachradioelemendiminishesbyonehalfinaimealwayshesame,calledaperiod,hisimeperiodmakingipossibleodeerminewihouambiguiyheelemenunderconsideraionheseperiods,whichcanbemeasuredbydiversemehods,varygrealyheperiodofuraniumisseveralbillionsofyears;haofradiumisabouyears;haofisemanaionalilelesshanfourdays;andhereareamonghefollowingdescendanssomewhoseperiodishesmallfracionofasecondheexponenialwhasaprofoundphilosophicbearing;iindicaeshaheransformaionisproducedaccordingohewsofprobabiliyhecauseshadeermiheransformaionareamyseryous,andwedonoyeknowifheyderivefromcausalcondiionsousideheaom,orfromcondiionsofinernalinsabiliyinmanycases,upohepresen,noexerioracionhasshowniselfeffeciveininfluencingheransformaion

。x小说。